参考知识产权立法模式进行数据确权的可行性分析
2021-03-28李亮伟
李亮伟
摘 要:在学术界,数据权制度是否应当建立、如何建立均尚无定论,但日前国务院提出“构建数据知识产权保护规则”,似乎已经明确将知识产权化作为数据权立法方向。基于数据和部分知识产权均与信息保护密不可分的相同点,本文认为参考知识产权立法模式进行数据确权的立法方向是可行的,并探索性地提出参考专利“专用权+特别赋权+公共利益限制”的立法框架来进行数据确权,参考商业秘密“合理保密措施为法定保护前提”的具体权能设置模式,对数据权增加“权利人采取合理手段实际控制数据”作为获得数据权保护的法定前提。
关键词:数据确权;立法模式;知识产权
中图分类号:D923.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)32-0154-05
Feasibility Analysis of of Data Right Confirmation with Reference to the Intellectual Property Legislative Model
LI Liangwei
(Beijing Dentons Law Offices, LLP (Zhengzhou), Zhengzhou Henan 450008)
Abstract: In academia, whether the data rights system should be established or how it should be established is still inconclusive, but the State Council recently proposed "building data intellectual property rights protection rules", which seems to have clearly made intellectual property rights the legislative direction of data rights. Based on the inseparable similarities between data and part of intellectual property rights and information protection, this paper believes that it is feasible to refer to the legislative model of intellectual property rights for the legislative direction of data right confirmation, and exploratively proposes to refer to the legislative framework of patent "exclusive rights + special empowerment + public interest restrictions" to confirm data rights, and refers to the specific power setting model of "reasonable confidentiality measures are the prerequisite for legal protection" of trade secrets, and adds "the right holder to take reasonable measures to actually control the data" to the data right as the legal prerequisite for obtaining data rights protection.
Keywords: data right confirmation;legislative model;intellectual property
2015年8月,國务院印发《促进大数据发展行动纲要》,其中提到“数据已成为国家基础性战略资源,大数据正日益对全球生产、流通、分配、消费活动以及经济运行机制、社会生活方式和国家治理能力产生重要影响”。数据的价值已经得到社会和国家的充分认可,但数据权具体是什么,现在并没有明确的概念。也有部分学者认为不应当存在数据权,而是只存在围绕数据的确权[1]。可见,无论是实践层面还是立法层面,业界就数据权问题还没有达成共识。但同样是基于数据的重要价值性,我国的顶层设计思路早于学术观点形成了统一:2021年10月28日,国务院印发《“十四五”国家知识产权保护和运用规划》,一方面提出要“深入研究数据的产权属性”,另一方面明确提出“探索开展数据知识产权保护相关立法研究”。……
