高剑 周旺 张文娟 黄守道

摘   要：针对内置式永磁同步电机（IPMSM）的最大转矩电流比控制（MTPA）受电机参数变化影响的问题，提出一种改进的自适应扰动观测的MTPA控制策略.该方法以定子电流矢量角作为扰动量，比较控制系统前后两个时刻的电流幅值大小，确定搜索方向.将自适应PI控制融入扰动观测法中，跟踪系统随机选择相应的扰动步长，解决动稳态性能，提高精度和系统运行效率，克服传统MTPA控制方法对电机参数依赖性、提高系统整体效率优化和电流矢量角搜索精度. 考虑外界因素对电感和磁链等参数变化的影响，得到内置式永磁电机（IPMSM）dq轴下最优电流矢量角. 仿真和试验结果表明，所提方法具有一定的有效性.

关键词：内置式永磁同步电机;最大转矩电流比控制;扰动观测;搜索精度

Abstract：Aiming at the problem that the Maximum Torque Per Ampere（MTPA） current control of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor （IPMSM） is affected by the change of motor parameters，this paper proposes an improved adaptive disturbance observation MTPA control strategy. This method uses the stator current vector angle as the disturbance，and compares the current amplitudes before and after the control system to determine the search direction. By integrating adaptive PI control into the disturbance observation method，the tracking system randomly selects the corresponding disturbance step length，thus this method solves the dynamic and steady-state performance，improves the accuracy and system operation efficiency，overcomes the traditional MTPA control method's dependence on motor parameters，and improves the overall efficiency of the system. In addition to the search accuracy of the current vector angle，this paper considers the influence of external factors on the changes of parameters such as inductance and flux linkage to obtain the optimal current vector angle under the dq axis of the built-in permanent magnet motor（IPMSM）. The simulation and test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words：interior permanent magnet synchronous motor（IPMSM）;maximum torque per Ampere current control（MTPA）;disturbance observation;search accuracy

近年来，内置式永磁同步电机（Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor，IPMSM）以其功率密度高、效率高和调速范围宽等优点在汽车电驱动系统、工业机器人及新能源分布式发电等重要工业领域得到广泛应用.不同于表贴式永磁同步电机，内置式永磁同步电机本身具有凸极性，输出转矩包含磁阻转矩. 为充分利用磁阻转矩，提高电机运行效率，最大转矩每安培电流控制（Maximum Torque Per Ampere current control，MTPA）[1]诞生并在领域内受到了广泛的关注.

MTPA是以铜损最小化为目标，实现最小电流下输出转矩最大化. 当前的基本方法主要分为两大类：第一类是基于电机模型的控制算法. 它包括公式法，即利用电机系统本身的参数，如磁链、定子电……