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海洋海温变化对中国夏季降水的影响

2021-03-10王敏敏

河南科技 2021年19期

王敏敏

摘 要:近年来,中国夏季降水异常事件频发,并已严重影响社会经济的发展,所以研究其异常成因是我国学者刻不容缓的任务。中国夏季降水带有明显的区域性特征。通过分析海温场与中国各区域夏季降水的关系,得到以下结论:前期和同期海温场的变化对当年夏季降水的影响基本一致。当赤道印度洋东部海域、暖池海温偏高,而太平洋中东地区的海温偏低时,两河中上游流域及其以南区域降水偏多,即中国东南区域以及西南部分区域降水偏多。

关键词:中国夏季降水;海温;太平洋;印度洋

中图分类号:P426.6;P732 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)19-0136-04

Abstract: Since the occurrence of abnormal summer precipitation events in China has seriously affected the development of social economy in recent years, it is an urgent task for Chinese scholars to study the corresponding causes. The summer precipitation in China has obvious regional characteristics. After analyzing the relationship between the SST and summer precipitation in various regions of China, it draws the following conclusions: The changes of the SST in the previous and the same period have basically the same influence on the summer precipitation in the same year. Meanwhile, the SST in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the warm pool is relatively high. However, the SST in the Middle East of the Pacific is relatively low, and the precipitation in their middle and upper reaches along with the southern regions is relatively high, namely, the precipitation in the southeast and partial southwest of China is relatively high.

Keywords: summer precipitation in China;SST;Pacific Ocean;Indian Ocean

中国夏季降水量占全年降水量的比例较大,直接影响国民经济和人们的生活。近年来,暴雨、干旱越来越频繁地出现在华夏大地上,给人们的生命财产安全带来了严重威胁,阻碍了社会经济的发展。因此,研究中国夏季降水异常的原因成为我国学者刻不容缓的任务。近年来,较多学者对中国夏季降水异常的成因进行了分析[1-6],相关研究成果还被用于指导预测未来夏季降水的情况,并取得了一定的成效,但这还远远不够,需要不断提高未来降水预报的准确率,以便人们对生产生活做出最优安排,将损失降到最低。印度洋和太平洋是影响中国降水的两个关键海域[7-12],其海温变化是影响中国夏季降水的重要因子,因此本文重点研究印度洋和太平洋的海温变化对中国夏季降水的影响,以期提高短期降水预报的准确率。……

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