谢光杰 段振峰 王震 余卓新 邢永秀 李杨瑞

摘要：【目的】篩选具有拮抗甘蔗黑穗病菌（Sporisorium scitamineum）及促进植物生长特性的细菌，为甘蔗黑穗病的生物防治提供菌株资源和参考依据。【方法】采集出现黑穗病甘蔗株的根际土壤，采用平板对峙培养法分离纯化获得拮抗菌株，通过16S rRNA序列分析明确拮抗菌株的分类地位并分析其促生长特性;采用桶栽试验，研究筛选获得的优良拮抗菌株对甘蔗黑穗病的防治效果。【结果】分离纯化获得68株细菌菌株，其中7株（G1、G10、G12、G14、G20、G21和G23）对甘蔗黑穗病菌具有抑制效果。7株菌株具有产纤维素酶、产几丁质酶、分泌吲哚乙酸（IAA）、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶（ACC脱氨酶）、嗜铁能力、溶解有机磷、产蛋白酶及产氢氰酸（HCN）等不同程度的促进植物生长特性，特别是3株伯克霍尔德氏菌属（Burkholderia）菌株G1、G10和G23的综合效果更好。用拮抗能力较强的菌株G1、G10、G12和G23防治甘蔗黑穗病的桶栽试验结果表明，4株拮抗菌株处理均可有效抑制黑穗病的发生，提高甘蔗的出苗率和生物量，其中以菌株G23处理的综合效果最好。【结论】分离获得7株对甘蔗黑穗病菌拮抗效果较好的菌株，均具有不同程度的促进植物生长特性，其中以菌株G23的综合效果最好，具有良好的应用前景。

关键词： 甘蔗黑穗病;拮抗细菌;鉴定;防治效果;促植物生长特性

中图分类号： S435.661                         文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）11-3013-09

Plant growth-promoting characteristics and control effect of antagonistic bacteria against sugarcane smut

TA Quang-kiet1， DUAN Zhen-feng1， WANG Zhen1， YU Zhuo-xin1，

XING Yong-xiu1*， LI Yang-rui2*

（1College of Agriculture， Guangxi University， Nanning  530004， China; 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement （Guangxi）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Sugarcane Research Center， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane

Research Institute， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning  530007， China）

Abstract：【Objective】To screen for bacteria with the characteristics of antagonizing sugarcane smut and promoting plant growth to provide strain resources and reference for the biological control of sugarcane smut. 【Method】The rhizosphere soils of sugarcane with serious incidences of sugarcane smut disease were collected， and antagonistic strains were isolated and purified by gradient dilution and the plate confrontation culture method. The classification of antagonistic strains was determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and their different growth promoting characteristics were analyzed. In parallel， their effect on sugarcane smut development was studied by pot experiments. 【Result】A total of 68 bacterial strains were obtained after isolation and purification，of which seven strains （G1， G10， G12， G14， G20， G21 and G23） had inhibitory effects on the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. The seven strains showed different growth promoting abilities， as indicated by their differing productions of cellulose， chitinase， indole acetic acid （IAA）， 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic aciddeaminase（ACC deaminase）， siderophores， proteases， hydrocyanic acid production（HCN） production， and their abilities to dissolve organic phosphate. Three strains of Burkholderia spp. （G1， G10 and G23） ranked highest. The pot experiment of sugarcane smut control showed that four antagonistic strains （G1， G10， G12 and G23） effectively inhibited the occurrence of smut and improve the emergence rate and biomass of sugarcane with a significantly increase in biomass. Among all the strains， the strain G3 seemed to be the most performing one. 【Conclusion】The top se-ven strains displaying antagonistic effects on sugarcane smut all show different growth promoting ability. Considering all the data， the antagonistic strain G23 shows the best combined effects of smut control and growth promotion， indicating good application potential.

Key words： sugarcane smut; antagonistic bacteria; identification; control effect; plant growth promoting characteristic

Foundation item： National Natural Science Foundation of China（31971858，31560352）;Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talents Special Project （Guike AD17195100）;Guangxi Sugarcane Innovation Team Project of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System （gjnytxgxcxtd-03-01）

0 引言

【研究意义】甘蔗黑穗病为全球性重要真菌病害，对甘蔗生产危害严重（Schenck et al.，2005;Izadi and Moosawi-Joff，2007;李杨瑞，2010;Li et al.，2016）。广西是世界十大产糖区之一，甘蔗种植面积约73.33万ha（罗含敏等，2020），目前甘蔗生产上最主要的病害是黑穗病，常造成甘蔗产量的巨大损失（Li et al.，2016;韦金菊等，2019）。……