盛阳

摘 要：差速器提供了自由的转速差满足车辆的行驶需要，然而却在特殊路况下导致了车轮空转车辆停滞。差速锁介入消除了转速差，解决了这一特殊情况的同时却带来了其他问题。差速器不限制的转速差超出使用要求，差速锁直接砍掉全部转速差。差速器与差速锁，本身就是矛盾对立的二者，汽车总是在二者之间艰难的取舍。其实我们并不需要差速锁，只需差速器保留正常行驶所需要的转速比的即可，我们将之命名为：半开放式差速器。基于机械控制式的、结构简单的、功能可开可关的半开放式差速器已经实现了技术突破并试验成功，也取得了相关发明专利，故在本文中研究讨论。

关键词：脱困 越野 转速差 转速比

Discussion on the Technical Advantages and Practical Application of Semi-open Differential

Sheng yang

Abstract：The differential provides a free speed difference to meet the driving needs of the vehicle， but it causes the idling vehicle to stall under special road conditions. The intervention of the differential lock eliminates the speed difference， which solves this special situation and brings other problems at the same time. The unrestricted speed difference of the differential exceeds the use requirements， and the differential lock directly cuts off all the speed differences. Differentials and differential locks are themselves contradictory and opposite， and cars always make a difficult choice between the two. In fact， we don't need a differential lock， just the differential retains the speed ratio required for normal driving. We named it： semi-open differential. The semi-open differential， which is based on mechanical control， simple structure， and can be opened and closed， has achieved technological breakthroughs and successfully tested， and has also obtained related invention patents， which the paper will study and discuss in this article.

Key words：anti-skid， get-out-of trouble， off-road， speed difference， speed ratio

說起差速锁，不得不提汽车的重要零部件——差速器。它给同轴的驱动轮提供了相同的扭力，自由的转速差，让驱动轮完美的匹配路面，推动汽车在变化的路线和复杂的路况上稳定的行驶。但也正因为给驱动轮提供的这两个功能，使得一旦某个驱动轮遇到地面湿滑到摩擦力低于行驶所需的力矩时，便会出现打滑空转，导致车辆停滞。包括雪地、冰面、湿滑凹坑以及单轮悬空等状况。

为了解决空转带来的车辆停滞，诞生了差速锁。然而锁死差速器是要付出代价的，否则为什么要发明差速器？与差速器相反，差速锁将驱动轮刚性连接后转速比锁定到1：1，介入时总有一个轮子不匹配路面，虽然未打滑的轮子会……