机械耕作对新植甘蔗生长与产量的影响
2021-03-01韦剑锋韦冬萍吴炫柯胡桂娟侯俊鹏杨顺胡江如
韦剑锋 韦冬萍 吴炫柯 胡桂娟 侯俊鹏 杨顺 胡江如



摘要 从高产角度出发,探讨3种耕作方式下甘蔗生长与产量差异。结果表明,深松犁松土深45 cm+旋耕机碎土深25 cm处理的出苗历时明显短于深松犁松土深45 cm+四铧犁翻土深40 cm+圆盘耙碎土深30 cm处理和深松犁松土深45 cm+圆盘耙碎土深30 cm处理;深松犁松土深45 cm+旋耕机碎土深25 cm处理的株高生长优势明显;蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量以深松犁松土深45 cm+旋耕机碎土深25 cm处理的最高,比其他处理分别增加25.05%~26.22%和24.43%~25.38%。因此,深松犁松土深45 cm+旋耕机碎土深25 cm处理的方式较好。
關键词 甘蔗;耕作方式;出苗;生长;产量
中图分类号 S566.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0028-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.007
Abstract The growth and yield of sugarcane under three mechanical tillage patterns was studied for highyield cultivation. The results showed that the emergence duration of subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +rotary tiller broken soil depth 25 cm treatment was significantly less than that of subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +fourshare plow turn over soil depth 40 cm + disc harrow broken soil depth 30 cm and subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +disc harrow broken soil depth 30 cm treatment. The plant height growth of subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +rotary tiller broken soil depth 25 cm treatment had obvious superiority. The cane yield and sucrose yield of subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +rotary tiller broken soil depth 25 cm treatment increased by 25.05%-26.22% and 24.43%-25.38% compared with other treatments. Therefore, treatment of subsoiling plow loosen soil depth 45 cm +rotary tiller broken soil depth 25 cm was a better tillage method.
Key words Sugarcane;Tillage patterns;Emergence of seedling;Growth;Yield
甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物和经济作物,其中广西甘蔗年种植面积和蔗糖产量占全国的60%以上。近年国内甘蔗生产成本快速上涨,蔗农收益下降,部分蔗农甚至亏损,导致广西甘蔗种植面积大幅减少,严重制约了我国甘蔗糖业的健康稳定发展[1-2]。甘蔗机械化生产有效率高和用工少的优点。为此,国家把甘蔗生产机械化作为破解广西甘蔗产业发展困局的有效途径。前人结合当地条件研究了不同机械耕作对甘蔗生长、产量及产糖量的影响,优选了耕作方式,但由于试验条件不同,结果存在差异[3-7]。鉴于此,笔者结合广西柳州甘蔗规模化生产习惯和机械装备条件,实施3种机械模式作业,优选耕作方式,为当地甘蔗高产栽培提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验于2019年5月至2020年3月在柳州市桂中农场糖料蔗基地进行,试验地为红黄壤,已连续30多年种植甘蔗,长期采用大型农机作业,0~30 cm土层pH 623,硝态氮、有效磷及速效钾含量分别为14.97、67.5及150 mg/kg。……
