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小辣椒新品种‘宛椒207’的选育

2021-02-25李金玲郑明燕王虹源朝政张中敏高小峰周晓静崔炯

中国瓜菜 2021年1期

李金玲 郑明燕 王虹 源朝政 张中敏 高小峰 周晓静 崔炯

摘    要: ‘宛椒207是以日本‘枥木三鹰椒为母本、‘特抗高产三号为父本,采用人工杂交手段,通过优良单株定向选择,经多年系统选育的簇生小辣椒(朝天椒)新品种。该品种全生育期210.2 d,平均株高73.0 cm,株幅49.5 cm,有效分枝数8.0个,果实纵径5.0 cm,果实横径0.9 cm,平均单果鲜质量1.36 g,单果干质量0.52 g,干鲜比0.37,单株果数115.0个,667 m2平均干椒产量273.04 kg。维生素C质量分数136 mg·100 g-1,辣椒素质量分数81.8 mg·kg-1。花皮果率10.0%,综合性状表现优良。适宜河南省各地露地栽培。2020年通过国家农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词: 小辣椒; 新品种; ‘宛椒207; 簇生

中图分类号: S641.3 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1673-2871(2021)01-076-04

Breeding  ofanew hotpeppervariety ‘Wanjiao 207

LI Jingling, ZHENG Mingyan, WANG Hong, YUAN Chaozheng, ZHANG Zhongmin, GAO Xiaofeng, ZHOU Xiaojing, CUI Jiong

(Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanyang 473083, Henan, China)

Abstract: ‘Wanjiao 207is a new cluster hot pepper variety, which has been selected systematically for many years by means of artificial hybridization, using ‘Limusanyingjiao as female parent and ‘Sanhao of super resistant and high yield pepper as male parent. The whole growth period is 210.2 d. It is 73.0 cm in plant height, 49.5 cm in plant width, with 8.0 effective branchs. The fruit is 5.0 cm in length, 0.9 cm in width, 1.36 g in fresh weight, 0.52 g in dry weight, the ratio of dry weight and fresh weight is 0.37. The fruit number of single plant is 115. The yield of dry hot pepper is 273.04 kg per 667 m2 .The content of vitamin C is 136 mg·100 g-1, and the content of capsaicin is 81.8 mg·kg-1. The rate of spots on the rind of the fruit is 10.0%. The comprehensive characters of ‘Wanjiao 207 are excellent. It is suitable for open field cultivation in Henan Province.

Key words: Hot pepper; New variety; ‘Wanjiao 207; Cluster

1 育種目标

辣椒由丝绸之路传入中国[1],在我国蔬菜产业中,辣椒种植面积仅次于白菜位居第2[2]。小辣椒作为五大调味品之一,营养丰富,被誉为‘蔬菜皇后[3],很多国家已经把辣椒作为一种保健食品,掀起了食用“辣椒热”。我国是世界第一大辣椒生产国和消费国[4]。小辣椒(朝天椒)是辣椒的变种,是辣椒属多年生半木质性植物,多作一年生栽培。椒果朝天(朝上或斜朝上)生长,味浓色香,营养丰富,含有大量的蛋白质、粗纤维和辣椒素[5],尤其辣椒素(碱)是天然的添加剂,在食品、医药及农药行业均有着广泛的用途[6],是一种具有良好发展前景的园艺作物。

簇生朝天椒在河南栽培面积较大,辣椒产业在农业发展、农村富裕和农民增收中发挥巨大作用,已成为精准扶贫和乡村振兴的重要抓手[7]。近年来,生产上对朝天椒品质要求越来越高[8-9],品质指标也成为育种的重要考察指标,并已应用于辣椒品种和资源的分析[10],具体来讲不仅满足优质、丰产、抗病,而且具备香辣味浓、集中成熟易采摘。……

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