钟洋敏 柴松琳 程远 阮美颖 王荣青 叶青静 姚祝平 周国治 万红建

摘 要：遠缘杂交是导入外源有效基因的主要途径之一，种间杂交是拓宽辣椒栽培种遗传基础和创制种质资源的有效方式。为了拓宽栽培辣椒的遗传基础，增强遗传潜力，以辣椒栽培种Capsicum annuum ‘PI194879为母本、野生种C. chacoense ‘PI639651为父本进行杂交试验，通过形态学观察、花粉育性观察和SSR分子标记分析对种间杂种F1的真实性进行鉴定。结果表明：（1）种间杂种F1表型性状与双亲有较大差异，多介于双亲之间;（2）种间杂种F1花粉活力仅为6.58%，远低于母本的97.08%和父本的94.51%;（3）SSR分子标记扩增结果显示，5对引物扩增的杂种F1谱带既有父本的特征带，又有母本的特征带，呈共显性，进一步在分子水平上证明了杂种F1的真实性。获得的C. annuum和C. chacoense种间杂种不仅拓宽了栽培辣椒的遗传多样性，而且为利用野生辣椒C. chacoense的优异基因来改良栽培辣椒提供了理论依据。

关键词：辣椒;种间杂交;表型性状;SSR

中图分类号：S641.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）01-024-05

Creation and identification of interspecific hybrids between Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chacoense

ZHONG Yangmin1，2， CHAI Songlin2， CHENG Yuan2， RUAN Meiying2， WANG Rongqing2， YE Qingjing2， YAO Zhuping2， ZHOU Guozhi2， WAN Hongjian2

（1. College of Horticulture， Northwest A & F University， Yangling 712100， Shaanxi， China; 2. Institute of Vegetable， Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou 310021， Zhejiang， China）

Abstract： Distant（Interspecific and Intergeneric）hybridization is an important method for introducing exogenous elite genes into cultivated crops. In pepper， interspecific hybridization is an efficient way to broad genetic basis of cultivated species and develop the excellent germplasm. In order to expand the genetic basis of cultivated pepper and further enhance genetic potential， interspecific hybrid F1（Capsicum annuum ×C. chacoense） was created with cultivated species（C. annuum ‘PI194879-female） and wild species（C. chacoense ‘PI639651-male） in this study. To identify the authenticity of interspecific hybrids， analysis of morphological observation， pollen viability and SSR molecular markers were employed on hybrid F1 and their parents. Our results showed that（1） remarkable difference was found in agronomic traits between hybrid F1 and their parents， and majority of phenotypic traits of hybrid F1 presented intermediate values，（2）the pollen viability of interspecific hybrid F1（6.58%） was less than that of female（97.08%） and male（94.51%）， and（3） analysis of SSR markers clearly indicated that interspecific hybrid F1 had bands from the paternal and maternal accessions， which confirmed that F1 hybrid was authenticity. Here， interspecific hybrids between C. annuum and C. chacoense will not only expand genetic diversity of cultivated pepper， but also provide the basis for transferring excellent genes from C. chacoense into cultivate pepper.

Key words： Pepper; Interspecific hybridization; Morphological descriptors; SSR

辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜作物，起源于美洲热带地区，属于茄科（Solanaceae）辣椒属（Capsicum），为一年生或多年生草本植物，在全球范围内广泛种植[1]。辣椒栽培种、野生种的种类繁多[2]，包括5个栽培种（C. annuum、C. baccatum、C. chinense、C. frutescens、C. pubecens）和20多个野生种[3]。其中，一年生栽培辣椒（C. annuum）是我国种植面积最广泛、品种类型最丰富的栽培种[4]，它在果实大小、形状、气味和颜色上与其他4个栽培种存在明显的遗传差异。然而，在高强度的人工选择压力下，C. annuum遗传基础渐趋狭窄，遗传多样性指数逐渐降低，阻碍了辣椒新品种培育的进程[5]。……