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镉在厚皮甜瓜植株中的分布及低积累品种筛选

2021-02-25王志伟楚箫梁少华戴思慧李涵孙小武

中国瓜菜 2021年1期

王志伟 楚箫 梁少华 戴思慧 李涵 孙小武

摘    要:为了研究镉在厚皮甜瓜植株体内的分布规律,筛选适合中度以下重金属污染区种植的甜瓜品种,通过大田镉污染土壤栽培,对厚皮甜瓜不同部位的镉含量和果实品质进行分析。结果表明,参试的10个不同类型的厚皮甜瓜果实镉质量分数均低于GB 2762—2017(食品安全国家标准食品)中污染物限量规定的镉质量分数0.05 mg·kg-1,其中‘IVF-117果实镉质量分数最低,仅为0.003 mg·kg-1。镉在厚皮甜瓜植株体内分布的规律为基部茎叶>根>上部茎叶>果实,综合果实镉含量和品质性状,筛选出‘IVF-117等适于重金属污染区种植的厚皮甜瓜品种。

关键词:厚皮甜瓜;镉;分布;积累

中图分类号:S652.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)01-015-04

Cadmium distribution and screening of low cadmium accumulation thick-skinned melon cultivars

WANG Zhiwei1,2, CHU Xiao1, LIANG Shaohua1, DAI Sihui1, LI Han3, SUN Xiaowu1

(1. College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; 2. Hunan Agricultural Equipment Research Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; 3. Hunan Crop Research Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China)

Abstract:This paper analyzed the distribution of cadmium in thick-skinned melon plants, screened the thick-skinned melon varieties suitable for Cd pollution soil. The contents of cadmium and fruit quality in different parts of thick-skinned melon were analyzed through field cultivation of cadmium-contaminated soil. The results showed that the cadmium contents of the 10 different types of thick-skinned melon fruits tested were lower than the cadmium content of 0.05 mg·kg-1 specified in the limit of pollutants GB in 2762—2017 (the limited value of national food hygiene standard of China), of which ‘IVF-117 showed the lowest content of cadmium in fruit at 0.003 mg·kg-1. The distribution of cadmium in the thick-skinned melon plants was in order : leaf and stem at the base > root > upper leaf and stem > fruit. Based on the fruit cadmium content and quality characteristics, ‘IVF-117 and other thick-skinned melon varieties suitable for planting in heavy metal polluted areas.

Key words: Thick-skinned melon; Cadmium; Distribution; Accumulated

随着我国经济建设的快速发展、矿产资源大量开发、矿物肥料普遍使用,镉(Cd)已经成为环境污染物中的主要来源之一[1]。根据农业农村部相关调查数据显示,中国有140万hm2左右的污灌区,其中67%是遭受重金属污染的,这其中属于重金属轻度污染的约占50%,中度污染和重度污染各占10%左右,以Hg和Cd污染为主[2]。据报道,目前中国污灌区中有11处生产的大米镉含量超标,中国每年被重金属污染的粮食多达1 200万t,经济损失在200亿元以上[3]。镉属于植物生长发育的非必需元素,很容易从土壤中被植物根系吸收转运到地上部[4]。2019年FAO(2020年8月更新数据)统计数据显示,中国的甜瓜生产面积和产量均居世界第一[5]。厚皮甜瓜的生育期80~90 d,具有耐贮运、产值高等优势,可以有效增加農民收入,同时可以填补夏初水果淡季市场供应的空白。湖南省厚皮甜……

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