蔬菜作物中类胡萝卜素研究进展
2021-02-25刁卫楠朱红菊刘文革
刁卫楠 朱红菊 刘文革


摘 要:类胡萝卜素是一种重要的天然色素,广泛存在于动植物以及微生物体内,是人体维生素A的主要来源,对人类健康具有重要作用。在蔬菜作物中,不同种类和含量的类胡萝卜素赋予其颜色的多样性。植物类胡萝卜素积累是一个复杂的过程。它与有色体发育有关,由多个结构基因和转录因子调控,还受环境因素影响。本文对蔬菜作物中类胡萝卜素的合成代谢途径及其影响因子进行概述,以期为蔬菜作物的外观及营养品质改良提供理论依据。
关键词:蔬菜作物;类胡萝卜素;积累;颜色
中图分类号:S63+S64+S65 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)01-001-08
Research progress on carotenoids in vegetable crops
DIAO Weinan, ZHU Hongju, LIU Wenge
(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China)
Abstract: Carotenoid is an important natural pigment, which widely exists in animals, plants and microorganisms. It is the main source of human vitamin A and plays an important role in human health. The variety and content of carotenoids in vegetable crops are different, which endows them with color diversity. Carotenoid accumulation in plants is a complex process. It is related to the development of chromoplast, regulated by many structural genes and transcription factors, and also affected by environmental factors. In this paper, the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis and its influencing factors in vegetables crops are systematically introduced, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the appearance and nutritional quality of vegetable crops.
Key words:Vegetables crops; Carotenoids; Accumulation; Color
類胡萝卜素是一类重要的天然色素的总称,它是一种含有40个碳的类异戊烯聚合物, 即四萜化合物。最典型的类胡萝卜素是由8个异戊二烯单位首尾相连形成。类胡萝卜素的颜色因共轭双键的数目不同而变化,共轭双键的数目越多,颜色越偏向红色[1]。类胡萝卜素是体内维生素A的主要来源,由于人体自身不能合成类胡萝卜素,必须通过外界摄入。当人体摄入类胡萝卜素时,一些类胡萝卜素被分解成维生素A前体,而缺乏维生素A的儿童可能有严重的视力问题,如夜盲症[2]。类胡萝卜素还具有抗氧化作用,其抗氧化能力对人类健康具有特别重要的意义。饮食中摄入类胡萝卜素对一些广泛而典型的现代文明疾病具有一定的预防和保护作用,可作为自由基清除剂,如预防多种退行性疾病、心血管疾病和癌症等[3]。……
