摘要：基于游憩机会谱理论，在文献研究的基础上提取影响国家登山健身步道运营管理的影响因子，运用德尔菲法筛选出关键成功因素（KSFs）并做出重要性评价，然后利用ISM方法建构5个层级的登山健身步道运营管理关键成功因素的解释结构模型。研究发现：按照重要性排序，影响登山健身步道运营管理的六大关键因素分别是政府扶持力度、社会资本投入力度、步道规划设计水平、自然资源与文化资源保护力度、基础设施完善程度、就业带动力。基于上述六大关键因素，提出国家登山健身步道运营管理策略为：（1）加大政府政策扶持力度，将制度优势转化为治理效能;（2）激发社会资本投入热情，调动步道行动者网络活力;（3）提升步道规划设计水平，优化登山健身步道场景体验;（4）加强自然资源保护力度，守住自然文化发展生态底线;（5）重视基础设施完善程度，赋能步道经济持续健康发展;（6）健全沿线居民参与机制，带动居民就业实现共同致富。

关键词：登山健身步道;游憩机会谱;运营管理;关键成功因素

中图分类号：G80-051文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）03-0001-09

Operation and management strategy of National Trail System based on key success factors

LIANG Qiang

Business School of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics，Tianjin 300222，China

Abstract：Based on the theory of recreation opportunity spectrum， this paper extracts the influencing factors of national mountaineering fitness trail operation and management on the basis of literature research，uses Delphi method to screen out the key success factors （KSFs） and make the importance evaluation，and then uses ism method to construct five levels of explanation structure model of key success factors of mountaineering fitness trail operation and management.The results show that：in order of importance，the six key factors affecting the operation and management of mountaineering fitness trail are government support，social capital investment，trail planning and design level，natural and cultural resources protection，infrastructure improvement and employment driving force.Based on the above six key factors，the operation and management strategies of national mountaineering fitness trail are put forward as follows： （1）Increase government policy support，transforming the institutional advantages into governance efficiency;（2）Stimulate the enthusiasm of social capital investment and mobilize the vitality of the network of actors; （3）Improve the level of trail planning and design，optimize the scene experience of climbing fitness trail;（4）Strengthen the protection of natural resources and keep the ecological bottom line of natural and cultural development;（5）We should attach importance to the improvement of infrastructure to enable the sustainable and healthy development of the trail economy; （6）We will improve the participation mechanism of residents along the line，promote their employment and achieve common prosperity.

Key words：National Trail System; recreation opportunity spectrum; operation management; key success factors

根據美国学者查理斯·莱特的定义，步道是指沿着诸如山脊线、溪谷、河滨等自然走廊，或是沿着用作游憩活动的沟渠、风景道路等人工走廊所建立起的线性开敞空间，包括所有可用于大众步行、骑自行车、骑马等其他方式进入的自然景观线路和人工景观线路[1]。美国将步道系统分为风景步道、历史步道、休闲步道、连结步道四类。……