薛忠财 马方方 柳洁

摘要：为了筛选出一种适用于冀北山区矿区周边铅镉污染农田的土壤调理剂配方，本研究采用室内土壤培养试验，以石灰、蒙脱石、生物炭、沸石为材料，研究不同组合方式和添加量（0.5%、1%、3%、5%）对土壤中有效态Cd和Pb含量的影响。结果表明，土壤有效态Cd含量、有效态Pb含量和土壤pH因土壤调理剂不同组合方式和不同添加量呈现不同的变化趋势。与对照相比，随着添加量的增加，有效态Cd和Pb含量呈下降趋势，且不同材料组合的钝化效果均好于单一材料处理。按照20%～30%、10%～20%、40%～ 50%和0%～30%比例将石灰、蒙脱石、生物炭和沸石组合，对该地区土壤中有效态Cd和Pb的钝化效果最好。

关键词：冀北山区；重金属污染；土壤调理剂；钝化修复；生物炭

中图分类号：S318文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200200031

The Immobilization of Cd and Pb in Contaminated Soil Around Mines in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei

Xue Zhongcai， Ma Fangfang， Liu Jie

（College of Resource and Environment Science， Hebei Normal University for Nationalities， Chengde 067000， Hebei， China）

Abstract： According to Cd and Pb pollution status in soil around mines in mountainous area of northern Hebei， the content of available Cd and Pb were studied after adding combinations of lime， montmorillonite， biochar and zeolites with different amounts （0.5%， 1%， 3%， 5%） by a soil culture experiment in laboratory， aiming to screen a soil conditioner with good effect. The results indicated that the content of available Cd， available Pb and pH in the soil were changed by different kinds and amounts of soil conditioners. The content of available Cd and Pb in the soil decreased with the increase of soil conditioner. Meanwhile， the immobilization effect of combinations of materials on the available Cd and Pb in soil was better than that of single material. The combination of 20%-30% lime， 10%-20% montmorillonite， 40%-50% biochar and 0-30% zeolites had the best decreasing effect on the content of available Cd and Pb in the soil around mines in mountainous area of northern Hebei.

Keywords：MountainousAreaofNorthernHebei；HeavyMetalPollution；SoilConditioner；Immobilization；Biochar

0引言

冀北山區是中国华北地区重要的金、铁矿富集区，矿产资源丰富，然而，历史上过度无序的金、铁矿勘探、开采、选矿和冶炼等人为活动对生态环境造成了严重的破坏[1]，镉铅等重金属通过大气沉降、矿山排水和降雨等途径进入周边土壤，导致矿区周边农田受到污染，并通过食物链进入动物和人体，对当地居民的身体健康造成严重的威胁[2-4]。

当前，虽然对重金属污染农田修复的研究较多，方法多样，包括物理法、化学法、生物法等，但在应用过程中需要考虑修复成本、目标以及周期等问题，在这种背景下，钝化修复技术以效果快速、成本低廉、操作简单、不影响农作物生产等多方面优点获得了广……