APP下载

钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂联合胰岛素治疗1型糖尿病疗效与安全性的Meta分析

2021-01-26罗婕王可可姜明燕

中国药房 2021年1期
关键词:胰岛素分析研究

罗婕 王可可 姜明燕

摘 要 目的:系統评价钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂联合胰岛素治疗1型糖尿病(T1DM)的疗效与安全性,为临床T1DM治疗提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、ClinicalTrials、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库与万方数据库,检索时限均为各数据库自建库起至2020年2月,收集在胰岛素基础治疗的基础上,SGLT-2抑制剂(试验组)对比安慰剂(对照组)治疗T1DM的随机对照试验(RCT)。对符合纳入标准的文献进行资料提取,采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具5.1.0进行质量评价后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入11项RCT,合计7 003例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平降低值[SMD=-0.49,95%CI(-0.53,-0.44),P<0.001]、HbA1c水平降低值≥0.5%且未发生严重低血糖的患者比例[OR=3.93,95%CI(3.49,6.21),P<0.001]、HbA1c水平降低值≥0.5%的患者比例 [OR=2.65,95%CI(2.25,3.12),P<0.001]、HbA1c水平<7.0%的达标率 [OR=2.85,95%CI(2.44,3.33),P<0.001]、体质量降低值 [SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-0.96,-0.70),P<0.001]均显著大于或高于对照组,每日胰岛素用量、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、收缩压、舒张压的降低值均显著大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P≤0.011)。试验组患者总体不良反应发生率[OR=1.14,95%CI(1.04,1.26),P=0.007]、SGLT-2抑制剂相关的不良反应发生率[OR=2.17,95%CI(1.75,2.99),P<0.001]、严重不良反应发生率[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.24,1.77),P<0.001]、生殖器感染发生率[OR=3.84,95%CI(3.14,4.69),P<0.001]、腹泻发生率[OR=1.47,95%CI(1.09,1.97),P=0.011]、体液减少相关不良反应发生率[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.37,3.08),P=0.001]、酮症相关不良反应发生率[OR=4.18,95%CI(3.15,5.55),P<0.001]、酮症酸中毒发生率[OR=4.33,95%CI(3.01,6.23),P<0.001]、严重酮症酸中毒发生率[OR=5.06,95%CI(2.61,9.81),P<0.001]均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者低血糖、严重低血糖、尿路感染、肾损伤的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:SGLT-2抑制剂用于T1DM的联合治疗,可显著改善患者血糖水平,降低体质量、减少每日胰岛素用量、降低收缩压和舒张压,且不增加低血糖、尿路感染、肾损伤的发生风险,但总体不良反应、生殖器感染、腹泻、酮症酸中毒等不良反应的发生风险增加,需予以关注。

关键词 钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂;1型糖尿病;糖化血红蛋白;体质量;疗效;安全性;Meta分析

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors combined with insulin in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment of T1DM. METHODS: Retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Clinical Trials, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang database, randomized controlled trials (RCT) about SGLT-2 inhibitor (trial group) versus placebo (control group) in the treatment of T1DM based on insulin treatment were collected during the inception to Feb. 2020. After data extraction of literatures met inclusion criteria, Cochrane risk bias evaluation tool 5.1.0 was used to evaluate its quality, and Meta-analysis was perfomed by using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 11 RCTs were included, involving 7 003 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of HbA1c [SMD=-0.49,95%CI(-0.53,-0.44),P<0.001], the proportion of patients with  HbA1c≥0.5% and without severe hypoglycemia [OR=3.93,95%CI(3.49,6.21),P<0.001], the proportion of patients with HbA1c≥0.5% [OR=2.65,95%CI(2.25,3.12),P<0.001], the target rate of HbA1c level<7.0% [OR=2.85,95%CI(2.44,3.33),P<0.001] and the decrease of body weight [SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-0.96,-0.70),P<0.001] in trial group were significantly larger or higher than control group; the decrease values of daily insulin dosage, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P≤0.011). The total incidence of ADR [OR=1.14,95%CI(1.04,1.26),P=0.007], the incidence of SGLT-2 inhibitor related ADR [OR=2.17,95%CI(1.75,2.99),P<0.001], the incidence of severe ADR [OR=1.48,95%CI(1.24,1.77),P<0.001], the incidence of genital infection [OR=3.84,95%CI(3.14,4.69),P<0.001], the incidence of diarrhea [OR=1.47,95%CI(1.09,1.97),P=0.011], the incidence of fluid reduction related ADR [OR=2.05,95%CI(1.37,3.08),P=0.001], the incidence of ketosis related ADR [OR=4.18,95%CI(3.15,5.55),P<0.001], the incidence of ketoacidosis [OR=4.33,95%CI(3.01,6.23),P<0.001] and the incidence of severe ketoacidosis [OR=5.06,95%CI(2.61,9.81),P<0.001] were significantly higher than control group, with statistical significance. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, urinary tract infection or kidney injury between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: SGLT-2 inhibitors for the treatment of T1DM can significantly improve the blood glucose, reduce body weight and daily insulin dose, lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, while dose not increase the risk of hypoglycemia, urinary tract infections and renal impairment but increase the risk of total ADR as well as the risk of ADR such as genital infection, diarrhea, ketoacidosis, to which should be paid attention.

KEWORDS   Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Body weight; Therapeutic efficacy; Safety; Meta-analysis

1型糖尿病(Type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)是一种由于内源性胰岛素绝对缺乏引起慢性高血糖和进行性代谢紊乱的自身免疫性疾病[1]。目前,T1DM在临床上的主要治疗手段是胰岛素替代疗法,但胰岛素易造成低血糖和体质量增加等不良反应,患者依从性低,而且不能阻止或延缓胰岛功能的进一步破坏,导致T1DM患者难以维持理想的血糖水平[1-4]。非胰岛素辅助降糖治疗通过其他机制降低血糖,可以减少低血糖及其他不良反应的发生,增加患者依从性[1]。现在批准用于T1DM的非胰岛素辅助降糖治疗药物仍十分有限。钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2,SGLT-2)抑制剂(如坎格列净、卡格列净、达格列净、恩格列净、依格列净、鲁格列净、托格列净、雷莫列净、舍格列净、索格列净、埃格列净等)可通过抑制肾脏中葡萄糖的重吸收,增加尿糖排出从而达到降低血糖的作用[2],该类药在多个国家已批准上市用于2型糖尿病(T2DM)治疗[3],其作用机制使其用于T1DM患者能同样获益[4]。……

登录APP查看全文

猜你喜欢

胰岛素分析研究
FMS与YBT相关性的实证研究
辽代千人邑研究述论
隐蔽失效适航要求符合性验证分析
视错觉在平面设计中的应用与研究
自己如何注射胰岛素
EMA伺服控制系统研究
电力系统不平衡分析
电力系统及其自动化发展趋势分析
门冬胰岛素30联合二甲双胍治疗老年初诊2型糖尿病疗效观察
糖尿病的胰岛素治疗