蓼蓝鲜叶煮染工艺研究与实践
2021-01-21杨建军崔岩
杨建军 崔岩



摘要: 蓼蓝鲜叶煮染工艺独特、历史悠久,文章针对该工艺在中国早已失传的现状,在梳理前人研究成果和赴贵州及日本调研基础上,采用实践研究方法分析改变材料配比和热煮、染色时间及加入鲜叶汁量等对染色效果的影响。试染结果表明,所染纤维与蓼蓝鲜叶1︰12,煎煮时间10 min,染色时间30~40 min,鲜叶汁加入量为10%左右最为适合。研究认为,蓼蓝鲜叶煮染工艺不使用任何媒染剂和助剂,100%绿色环保,且色彩亮丽,色牢度高,在当代具有广阔的开发应用空间。
关键词: 蓼蓝;靛蓝;靛甙;煮染;染色工艺
中图分类号: TS193.62
文献标志码: A
文章编号: 10017003(2021)01001305
引用页码: 011103
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.01.003(篇序)
Study and practice on boiling and dyeing technology of fresh leaves of polygonum tinctorium
YANG Jianjun1, CUI Yan2
(1.Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2.Dunhuang Costume CultureResearch & Creative Design Center, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract:
The boiling and dyeing technology of fresh leaves of polygonum tinctorium is unique and has a long history. In view of the fact that this technology has long been lost in China, based on the previous research results and the investigation in Guizhou and Japan, the practical research was used to analyze the influence of changes in the material ratio, boiling, dyeing time and addition of fresh leaf juice on the dyeing effect. The results showed that the best effect was achieved in the following conditions: proportion of dyed fiber and fresh leaves of polygonum tinctorium 1︰12, boiling time 10 min, dyeing time 30-40 min, and addition of 10% of fresh leaf juice. It is believed that the boiling and dyeing technology of fresh leaves of polygonum tinctorium does not need any mordant and auxiliary, and it is 100% green and environment-friendly. Besides, the color is bright and the color fastness is high. The technology has a broad development and application space in the contemporary.
Key words:
polygonum tinctorium; indigo; indican; boiling and dyeing; dyeing technology
天然靛藍染料来自于“蓝”植物,即战国《荀子》“青,取之于蓝而青于蓝”中的“蓝”。世界各地风土气候不同,“蓝”的品种也不一样,中国历史上就有“三蓝”之说(唐代《新修本草》、宋代《通志》等)和“五蓝”之说(宋代《本草图经》、明代《本草纲目》《天工开物》等)。即便如此,为“蓝”者具共性,即叶中都含有能够氧化为靛蓝(Indigo)的前驱物质靛甙(Indican),现在统称为含蓝植物,俗称蓝草。蓝草用于染色的历史可以追溯到石器时代[1],其染色方式有两种:一种是使用蓝草直接染色;另一种是使用由蓝草加工而成的靛蓝染料染色[2]。长沙马王堆一号汉墓出土的不同深浅蓝色织物[3],表明中国当时的染色技术已经非常成熟。然而,关于制靛及染色技术的记载,始见于北魏《齐民要术》,据此分析,秦汉之前应该一直使用蓝草直接染色,其染法或者将蓝叶与织物一起揉搓染色,或者先揉搓取汁再浸染织物[4]。……
