周勇美　张辉

關键词：激活后增强效应;跆拳道;快速力量;下肢

中图分类号：G804.8  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）05-0037-07

Effect of post activation potentiation on the fast strength of lower limbs of taekwondo athletes

ZHOU Yongmei1，ZHANG Hui2

（1.Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084;2.Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081）

Abstract：Objective：To explore the effect of post activation potentiation （PAP） on the fast strength of lower limbs of taekwondo athletes. Methods： 12 taekwondo students of Beijing Sport University were selected， including 6 males and 6 females. Five times of 95% 1RM maximum load squat pre stimulation was used to test the explosive force of knee and hip joint， 10 s front leg cross kick， front leg downward splitting， front leg push kick and hind leg cross kick before the experiment and after 3， 6， 9 and 12 minutes after the test. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes of lower limb rapid strength in different time periods. Results：1） The relative peak torque of knee extension was significantly increased at 6 and 9 minutes （P<0.05）， and the relative peak torque of knee flexion was significantly increased at 3， 6， 9 and 12 minutes. The relative peak torque of hip extension and hip flexion increased significantly at 3， 6， 9， and 12 minutes （P<0.01）. 2） The effective times of 10 s continuous front cross kick increased significantly at 3 min （P<0.01）， the hitting force of 10 s continuous front cross kick increased significantly at 3， 9 and 12 min （P<0.05）; the effective times of cross kick after 10 s continuous increased significantly at 3， 6， 9 min （P<0.05）， and the effective times of 10 s continuous forward kick increased significantly at 6， 9 and 12 min （P<0.01） The number increased significantly at the 3rd and 9th min （P<0.01）， the hitting force of 10 s continuous forward pushing and kicking increased significantly at the 3rd， 6th and 9th min （P<0.05）; the effective times of 10 s continuous forward and downward splitting increased significantly at the 6th and 12th min （P<0.05）， and the hitting force of 10 s continuous forward and downward splitting increased significantly at the 3rd and 6th min （P<0.05）. Conclusion：Five times of 95% 1RM squat stimulation can effectively improve the fast strength of taekwondo athletes' lower limbs， the stimulation effect of explosive growth of hip joint is better than that of knee joint， the stimulation effect of flexor is better than that of extensor; the effect on the impact strength of leg method is more obvious than the times; its immediate enhancement effect appears from the third minute， and reaches the maximum value of speed and strength from the 6th to the 9th minute.

Key words：post-activation potentiation; Taekwondo; quick strength; lower limb

激活后增强效应（post-activation potentiation，PAP）是一种由最大强度抗阻练习引起的肌肉力量快速增加的短期生理现象[1-2]。Brown等在1998年的研究中正式提出了“激活后增强效应”作为提高运动员力量素质表现的训练手段，得到了大家的广泛关注[3]。随后学者们从激发运动员跳跃能力[4-6]、短跑能力[7-8]和投掷能力[9-10]等方面的增强的效果进行了系统研究，发现增强效应受诱导手段、诱导强度和间歇时间的影响较大，效应产生的生理机制可能为肌球蛋白调节轻链磷酸化作用加强，运动单位募集能力的提高，诱导后骨骼肌羽状角变小[11]。国内现有对于激活后增强效应的研究有综述类和实验类，主要是对研究进展[11-13]、影响的时间效果[14]、肌肉活性[15]、诱导条件[16-18]等开展的相关研究，结合专项力量特点进行激活后增强效应的研究相对较少，针对跆拳道运动员下肢快速力量激活后增强效应的研究少之又少。因此，本文以激活后增强效应为切入点，结合跆拳道运动员对下肢髋关节和膝关节的伸、屈快速力量，横踢、推踢、下劈技术的专项快速力量进行研究，探索PAP诱导练习后跆拳道运动员下肢快速力量和专项技术表现的影响效果，为跆拳道运动员提高快速力量以及热身活动中的应用提供理论和实践参考。

1 研究对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

研究对象为PAP效应对跆拳道运动员下肢快速力量的影响效果。……