摘要： 焊工考试主要是按行业要求考试、按客户要求进行ISO 9606系列、ISO 14732，ISO 13585，ISO 25239-3等标准考试及按产品设计要求进行ASME，AWS D1.1等的考试。现焊接企业承接国际订单越来越多，要求企业进行认证，焊工具备ISO资格证书是焊接企业通过国际认证的必要条件之一。在实施焊工考试的过程中，应根据ISO标准从成本和实用的角度优化确定考试方案（包括考试项目和检验方法等）。焊工证书的管理应按标准要求做及时更新或延期，保证其处于有效期中，并且与焊工所从事的实际焊接工作相符，从而确保焊接质量。

关键词： 焊工; 资格证书; 有效期; 最佳化

中图分类号： TG 47

Abstract： Domestic welder examinations mainly include the examination according to industry requirements， ISO 9606 series， ISO 14732， ISO 13585 and ISO 25239-3 examination according to customer requirements， and ASME， AWS D1.1 examination according to product design requirements. Now welding enterprises accept more and more international orders， requiring enterprises to carry out international certification， and welder with ISO qualification certificate is a necessary condition for welding enterprises to pass international certification. During the implementation of welder examination， the examination plan （including examination items and inspection methods， etc.） should be optimized from the point of view of cost and practicality according to ISO standards. The welders certificates shall be updated or re-validated in time according to the standard requirements to ensure that it is valid and consistent with the actual welding work performed by the welder， so as to ensure the welding quality.

Key words：  welders; certification; validity; optimal

0 前言

焊工的操作技能水平会直接影响到焊接产品的质量，通过焊工考试，可以有效评价焊工技能操作水平，合理安排焊接作業生产，保证焊接产品质量。ISO 3834《Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials》，EN 15085《Railway applications — welding of railway vehicles and components》，EN 1090《Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures》等认证标准中都明确对焊工资质提出要求：具备数量足够的按相应标准取得资格证书的焊工。因此焊工通过ISO 9606《Qualification testing of welders — fusion welding》，ISO 14732《Welding personnel — qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials》，ISO 25239-3《Friction stir welding — aluminium part 3： qualification of welding operators》，ISO 13585《Brazing — Qualification test of brazers and brazing operators》等标准焊工考试，取得相应ISO焊工资格证书，是相关焊接企业通过国际认证的必要条件。企业通过国际认证，按照认证标准进行焊接质量控制，产品质量可以得到保证，能够提升其在行业内竞争力，更易承接国际订单。

1 国内外焊工考试标准应用现状

目前，国内焊工考试标准主要应用现状：①行业要求，如从事特种设备行业（包括压力容器，锅炉，压力管道等）由市场监督管理局按TSG Z6002—2010《特种设备焊接操作人员考核细则》颁发特种设备作业人员证;钢结构焊……