刘伟

[摘    要]电梯在日常的生产生活中发挥着至关重要的作用，是现代社会一种必不可少的垂直运输设备，且在近些年来获得了很好地发展。但电梯设备在运行过程中会因为受到多种因素的影响而极易发生运行故障，其中的一些运行故障对人们的生命财产安全会有极大危害，必须积极做好电梯设备的诊断与治理。文章对电梯设备故障的诊断与治理要点作较为系统的分析论述，期望可以为从事电梯生产、运维工作的朋友们提供一些建设性的意见。

[关键词]电梯;故障;诊断;机械故障;电气故障

[中图分类号]U231.94 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）10–0–02

Fault Diagnosis and Treatment of Elevator Equipment

Liu Wei

[Abstract]Elevator plays a vital role in daily production and life. It is an essential vertical transportation equipment in modern society， and has achieved good development in recent years. However， elevator equipment is prone to operation faults due to the influence of many factors in the operation process， some of which will do great harm to people's life and property safety. We must actively do a good job in the diagnosis and treatment of elevator equipment. This paper systematically analyzes and discusses the key points of elevator equipment fault diagnosis and treatment， hoping to provide some constructive suggestions for friends engaged in elevator production， operation and maintenance.

[Keywords]elevator; fault; diagnosis; mechanical failure; electrical fault

1 电梯故障的分类与故障检修方法

1.1 电梯故障的分类

电梯运行过程中出现的故障可以分为机械故障和电气故障。其中，机械故障主要有制动器制动力力矩不足、开关门冲击与噪声大、减速箱蜗轮副齿面磨损、轿厢运行中异响与晃动、钢丝绳及曳引轮绳槽磨损，这些故障的发生原因与运行磨损、机械部件疲劳、连接部件松脱、机件润滑失当有较大的关系。电气故障主要有关门后不能启动运行、运行欠速或超速、称重装置失灵、指令系统失效、运行中突停、开关门速度异常、平层准确度超差。导致电梯发生电气故障的原因是较多的，主要有端子接线松动、接地不良、触点压力弹簧疲劳、绝缘失效、线路或元件短路、电接点氧化、电子元器件损坏或调整不当。无论是机械故障还是电气故障均会对电梯的安全运行造成很大的危害，务必做好预防性的诊断与治理。……