聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的电化学性能研究
2021-01-07钟文斌周阳高利喻楚英
钟文斌 周阳 高利 喻楚英







摘 要:采用树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯4种气凝胶作为前驱体,经直接碳化后获得了氮掺杂连续的纳米碳. 研究了聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的微观形貌结构、元素组成以及电化学性能. 结果表明,树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶衍生的纳米碳具有连续的多级孔结构,其比表面积分别为273.9、487.7、241.4和295.9 m2·g-1,氮的摩尔分数分别高达7.82%、9.62%、7.91%和10.17%,在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下分别具有高达268、311、280和362 F·g-1的质量比电容,且倍率性能和循环稳定性能优异.
关键词:聚苯胺;石墨烯;气凝胶;纳米碳;超级电容器
中图分类号:O631 文献标志码:A
Study on Electrochemical Performance of Nanocarbon
Derived from Polyaniline Based Aerogels
ZHONG Wenbin†,ZHOU Yang,GAO Li,YU Chuying
(College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)
Abstract:Dendritic polyaniline, long fibrous polyaniline, dendritic polyaniline/graphene and long fibrous polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels are employed as precursors to produce nitrogen-doped continuous nanocarbons through direct carbonization. The microstructure, element composition, and electrochemical properties of polyaniline-based aerogels derived nanocarbons are systematically investigated. The results show that nanocarbons derived from dendritic polyaniline, long fibrous polyaniline, dendritic polyaniline/graphene and long fibrous polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels have a continuous hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area of 273.9, 487.7, 241.4 and 295.9 m2·g-1, respectively, high nitrogen molar fraction of 7.82%, 9.62%, 7.91% and 10.17%, respectively, and high specific gravimetric capacitance of 268, 311, 280 and 362 F·g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A·g-1, respectively, as well as excellent rate capability and cycle stability.
Key words:polyaniline;graphene;aerogel;nanocarbon;supercapacitor
超级电容器具有功率密度高,充放电速率快,循环寿命长等优点,是一类应用广泛的新型储能器件[1]. 超级电容器主要由電极材料,电解质和隔膜等部分组成,其中电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的重要因素. 目前主要研究的电极材料有碳材料、导电聚合物以及金属氧化物/氢氧化物等[2]. 多孔碳来源丰富、物理化学性质稳定、比表面积高且导电性能良好,是研究最早、商业化程度最高的一类电极材料[3]. 然而多孔碳的孔结构主要以微孔为主,有效比表面积相对较小,导致比电容普遍为100~200 F·g-1[4]. 因此优化多孔碳的孔结构,提高比表面积和比电容是超级电容器电极研究领域的热点和重点.
为了进一步提高多孔碳的电化学……
