钱广涛 盛玮 侯俊玲 孙华庚 薛建平 苏勇 孙伟 孟祥霄

摘要 目的：为解决乌拉尔甘草野生资源减少，人工栽培技术体系不完善、优良种质资源短缺等导致的产量低、品质下降等问题，对乌拉尔甘草无公害栽培技术体系进行研究。方法：基于药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统对乌拉尔甘草最大生态相似区域进行预测，并对种质资源，产区分布，田间管理，病虫害防治等进行产地调研与文献研究，形成乌拉尔甘草无公害栽培技术体系。结果：乌拉尔甘草引种栽培以甘肃、内蒙古、新疆、青海一带选址为宜，建立了一套包括种植基地选址、优良品种选育、田间种植管护等的乌拉尔甘草无公害栽培技术体系。结论：乌拉尔甘草无公害栽培技术体系的建立为解决人工种植甘草产量及品质下降，农残、重金属含量超标等问题提供科学的技术参考。

关键词 甘草;无公害;人工种植;栽培技术;产地环境;种质资源;病虫害防治;田间管理

Abstract Objective：This study aims to solve the problem of low yield and reduced quality of G.uralensis caused by reduction of wild resources，imperfect artificial cultivation technology system，and shortage of high-quality germplasm resourcesvia studying the pollution-free cultivation technology system of G.uralensis.Methods：GMPGIS Ⅱ was employed to predict the largest ecologically similar area of G.uralensis，and field survey and literature research on germplasm resources，distribution of production areas，field management，and pest control were conducted to form a pollution-free cultivation technology system of G.uralensis.Results：G.uralensis is suitable to be planted in Gansu，Nei Mongol，Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces with a pollution-free cultivation technology system including site selection of planting bases，selection and breeding of high-quality varieties，field planting management and protection.Conclusion：The establishment of the pollution-free cultivation technology system of G.uralensis provides scientific reference for solving the problems of reduced production，low quality，pesticide residues and excess heavy metals.

Keywords Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Pollution-free; Artificial planting; Cultivation techniques; Environment of producing area; Germplasm resource; Pest control; Field management

中图分类号：R282.2文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.22.023

2020版《中华人民共和国药典》收录甘草为豆科植物乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.）、光果甘草（Glycyrrhiza glabra L.）或胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.）的干燥根和根茎，是一种常用的中药材[1]。乌拉尔甘草主要分布在宁夏、内蒙古、山西、新疆、青海、甘肃等省市自治区。甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草素、香豆素、甘草苷、多糖以及有机酸等是甘草中主要的有效成分，具有清热解毒、镇咳、祛痰、抗炎、杀菌、健脾益气等功效，素有“十药九草”的称号[2]。本研究以乌拉尔甘草（G.uralensis）作为研究对象，对其无公害栽培技术体系进行研究。……