管华全 谭峰 樊巧玲

摘要 小儿消积止咳口服液是目前临床治疗小儿咳嗽的常用中成药，是根据小儿咳嗽的病机特点，以疏风宣肺，化痰止咳，理脾和胃，消积化滞为制方思路，由山楂、槟榔、枳实、枇杷叶、瓜蒌、莱菔子、葶苈子、桔梗、连翘、蝉蜕制备而成。该方用药平和，配伍清疏宣通俱备，肺脾兼治，脏腑同调。多年临床实践表明其疗效显著，服用方便，口感良好，未见明显不良反应，有较好的推广应用价值。

关键词 小儿咳嗽;小儿消积止咳口服液;方剂配伍;小儿病机;组方机制;立方思路;食积;止咳

Abstract Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid is a common Chinese medicine for children cough treatment at present.According to the pathogenesis characteristics of children′s cough，the way of formulating is based on goals to dispelling wind and dispersing lung，resolving phlegm to stop cough，regulate the spleen and restore normal function of the stomach，as well as to promote digestion to remove stagnated food.It is made from hawthorn，areca nut，fructus aurantii，loquat leaf，trichosanthis，raphani seed，tingli，platycodon，forsythia，cicada molting.It is be mild in temperament，and has the effects of dredging and regulating，treating lungs and stomach at the same time，harmonizing zang organs and fu organs at the same time.Many years of clinical practice show that the prescription has remarkable curative effect and is convenient to use，with no obvious side effects，and has high clinical application value.

Keywords Cough among Children; Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid; Prescription compatibility; Pediatric pathogenesis; Prescription mechanism; Prescription ideas; Dyspepsia; Relieve cough

中图分类号：R289.5文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.22.022

临床研究表明，感染性疾病在儿科疾病中所占比例高达80%左右，其中尤以呼吸道感染性疾病多见，咳嗽是小儿呼吸系统疾病最常见的症状[1-2]。中医学认为，肺为娇脏，位居上焦，小儿因其体质的特殊性极易感受外邪以致肺失宣降而罹患咳嗽，研发适合小儿病理生理及其咳嗽病机特点的有效药物具有重要的临床意义。目前常用的小儿消积止咳口服液在临床应用中显示出良好的疗效和应用前景。现拟对其组方配伍机制进行分析探讨，以期为准确合理使用该中药复方制剂，进一步提高小儿咳嗽的临床疗效提供参考。

1 小儿咳嗽的病机特点

咳嗽病位主要在肺，但其病机与五脏六腑皆有关联，正如《素问·咳论》所曰：“五脏六腑皆令人咳，非独肺也。”因小儿体质与成人有别，故其咳嗽病机亦有特殊之处。

1.1 肺常不足，易感外邪 小儿脏腑娇嫩，腠理不密，抵御外邪能力不及成人，前贤医家将小儿肺卫之气薄弱的生理特點概括为“肺常不足”（《育婴家秘》）。……