张贝西 遵义航天高级中学

《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》（简称《新课标》）指出学生在接受高中英语教育后应具备文化意识。具体目标中指出应培养学生获得文化知识和理解文化内涵。随时近年来全国新高考改革的普遍推行，笔者发现文化节日在英语试题中出现得越来越多。其中，以人教版高中英语教材必修三第一单元为例，笔者尝试将万圣节作为专题来复习，以期从不同试题角度帮助学生加深对外国节日的理解并熟悉该话题出现的不同题型。

一、教材原文回顾与分析

FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATLONS

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins，some religious，some seasonal，and some for special people or events.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival.Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets.If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.

分析：在人教版必修三第一单元Festivals around the world中，文章特意配图万圣节来陈述万圣节与祭奠亡灵之间的关系，也是提醒学生节日与文化是不可分割的甚至是最重要的内容。笔者希望以教材为纲，借助丰富的题型以促进学生对国外节日与文化的深刻认识。

二、学习文化意义助力解题完形填空

完形填空原创试题如下：

完形盲填训练（215words）

Halloween is 1 on October thirty-first.On that night，many people will dress up and look for frightening vampires（吸血鬼）or ghosts.They do this with the help of special clothing and face with different colors.

Halloween traditions developed from people in ancient Britain.They believed that spirits of the 2 would return to their homes on the day of the autumn feast（盛宴）. 3 ，they built huge fires to frighten spirits 4 when the night falls.They say that burning a candle 5 a hollow pumpkin recalls the fires many years ago in Britain.And they say that wearing a mask to hide a person's face is 6 to the way ancient villagers covered their faces to force spirits away.

On Halloween night，American 7 go from home to home crying"Trick or treat"!If the people in the houses do not give them a treat，the children may 8 a trick on them.

Some adults put on costumes and attend Halloween parties.They also 9 their houses.They might 10 the insides of pumpkins and cut funny faces on the surface.They place the burning candle inside.Some hang fake（假冒的）bats，spider webs and other things 11 the home.

三、制作南瓜灯助力学生解题七选五

借助万圣节这个机会，笔者尝试让学生亲自制作南瓜灯，以调动各项学习技能，达成学生互助互学的目的。在制作过程中，让学生身临其境感受万圣节的家庭氛围，增强同学们的凝聚力。教师可以准备丰富的有关话题的语篇材料。在南瓜灯制作结束后，笔者借用了一篇“如何制作南瓜灯”的文章，并将其改编为七选五。笔者计划在班级进行南瓜灯制作比赛，所以可以在南瓜灯制作完成以后再给学生做题，这样还可以顺便对学生制作的南瓜进行自评、互评和教师点评。原创改编试题1如下：（381words）

How to light pumpkin for Halloween?

Step 1 Finish carving your pumpkin.

When carving the pumpkin，consider where to place the access hole for adding lighting. 1 The surrounding pumpkin will protect the lighting from being blown out and the hole is placed on the ground or a solid surface.

Step 2 Use candles.

Candles are the traditional way of lighting a pumpkin and they're still much in use today.For the pumpkin with a simple base hole：Light the candle first.For the pumpkin with the top lid：Don't try to light the candle first and then stick it down inside. 2 .You should firstly make sure it's sitting firmly on the base of the pumpkin and will not fall over.Then use a long fireplace match or a longer lighter，go through the front of the pumpkin，where it's carved.You won't burn yourself using this easy method.

Step 3 Create a chimney hole.

3 And it will eventually burn a hole in the top of the pumpkin and start cooking the pumpkin from the inside out.To deal with this，use the lid-cutter saw and cut out a little edge at the top and remove it.There will be a little chimney left to release the heat.

Step 4 4

If you're worried about the flames harming pets or kids，a battery powered light can provide a safe alternative，and they're inexpensive.You don't have to worry about leaving these unattended，and they won't blow out with the wind. 5 It is a good one for a monster pumpkin for a spooky（阴森可怕的）effect.

Be creative and use other lights you have around the place，such as flashlights，lamp lights，ball lights，etc.LED lights made for bikes，headlamps，etc.，can make cool pumpkin lights.

Step 5 Enjoy your lighted pumpkin display.

If you can，remember to take photos as lit pumpkins make for memorable photos.

A.Give kids a chance.

B.So it is really a nice choice.

C.Kids love the rainbow glow light.

D.Consider using different lights.

E.A bottom hole is ideal for windy nights.

F.You can burn your hand trying to do this.

G.Flame heat rises if left to burn for a few minutes.

[学情分析]本文制作的每一个步骤都能引起同学们的共鸣，所以在做完试题以后进行点评，就进展得很顺利。比如，有一组同学放入的蜡烛过长，烛火烧得很高，所以把南瓜烤的香气扑鼻，但是也很害怕南瓜会被烤糊。笔者试问学生：该如何避免这种情况发生？学生很快就回答道：应该在南瓜的顶部开个小口，让火焰能从小孔那儿出来，避免直接把南瓜烤熟。这样简单的试题训练能够让学生及时反思实践中的问题并找到有效的解决方法。

当然还有一些别具一格的小组，比如为了营造恐怖的气愤，决定将燃烧的纸巾放进南瓜灯内代替蜡烛和LED灯，结果南瓜七窍生烟，整个教室瞬间乌烟瘴气。这就不是开不开小孔能解决问题的了。

在制作中，笔者发现同学们对于南瓜灯的开口方向其实是有自己的一番理解的，正常情况下，大多数人都会把南瓜蒂所在的那边当作顶部，然后围绕着南瓜蒂切割出一个盖子lip出来。所以当他们得往里面放蜡烛的时候才发现，蜡烛根本在里面站不稳，该怎么办呢？七选五里有答案：不要用蜡烛，改用LED灯就可以了。而另一些同学想到了这个问题，所以从底部且一个口，最后将蜡烛放在平面上，再把南瓜罩上去就制作完毕了。

文化意义的深度理解试题（摘自《创新设计》）：

Should schools allow Halloween celebrations?

Halloween is one of the most celebrated holidays in the United States. 36 Many schools also celebrate the holiday by having kids dress up in costumes（服装），take part in costume shows，and join in a variety of activities relating to Halloween.On October 31，the halls of schools across the country will be filled with princes，princesses，and superheroes.In addition to costumes，school Halloween celebrations often include classroom parties and trick-or-treating.

37 They also say that dressing up in costumes allows kids to express themselves and show off their creativity.

38 officials at many of those schools say the celebrations are too time-consuming（费时的）and takeaway class time.They also point out that kids who can't afford costumes or who don't celebrate Halloween for cultural reasons feel left out.For example，Seth Boyden Elementary School in Maplewood，New Jersey，canceled its Halloween celebration last year.Officials at the school said that in the past，many students stayed home on that day.

39 Bree picower，a Professor of Early and Elementary Education at Montclair State，said，"Maple wood is a wonderful example of a school being responsive to society.Many schools plan to learn from it.Schools are places where students should feel included.'

Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy，some said that the new no-Halloween policy was a welcome change. 40

A.It brings a lot of safety problems.

B.Experts say Maplewood is not alone.

C.Many people dislike these costumes.

D.Each year there are millions of Americans celebrating the holiday.

E.But more and more schools have canceled Halloween celebrations in recent years.

F.Many teachers，parents，and students see these celebrations as a fun break from the school day.

G.And others said that it was unfair that their children are now not allowed to celebrate Halloween in school.

语篇解读：本文是议论文，文章主要讨论了学校设不该取消万圣节庆典活动。

36.D[根据下一 句“Many schools also celebrate the holiday"可如设空处也与celebrate the holiday有关，故选D项。]

37.F[根据下一 们"They also say that...and show olther ertviy “可知，他们还认为万圣节庆典活动可以为孩子们带来表露心声、展示创造力的机会。F项（许多老师、家长和学生们把这些庆典活动看作有趣的假期）与之衔接紧密。]

38.E[根据下一句“officials at many of those schools...take away class time."可知，这些学校的官员认为万圣节活动浪费时间，所以他们取消了万圣节庆典活动。故选E.]

39.B[根据下文中的“Many schools plan to learn from it.”可知，梅普尔伍德的学校取消万圣节庆典活动的做法并不是个例。故选B.]

40.G[根据上句中的“Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy”可知，家长们对取消万圣节活动的政策持不同的观点。选项G：“And others said that...”与上句中“some said that..."形成对比。]

四、教学总结

在写感悟的环节，笔者惊讶地发现，大多数孩子竟然都提到这是他们这十几年来第一次过万圣节，以前都是看看听听，更别说制作南瓜灯了。所以，这让笔者觉得这是一个很好的文化交融和弘扬中国文化的好时机。虽然是万圣节专题复习课，但是仍然有同学感悟到：万圣节在传到中国以后被歪曲了，所以大家只是为了玩而没有任何文化含义。笔者紧接着评论道，最近这几年，随着国人受教育水平的提高和国家正面积极地引导，使许多人能够理性认识外国文化，杜绝盲从。这得益于中国力量的强大，和中国人的素质发展！

笔者希望，英语教育者能秉承培养有国家情怀的学生这一目标，为党育人，为国育才！