陈泽西 孙玉树 张妍 李美成

摘   要：为了减缓风电出力波动性对电网的影响，提出应用模型预测控制算法来分析不同波动率风电的储能系统的优化配置. 首先，基于模型预测控制方法，研究储能平抑风电波动的控制策略，并建立优化配置模型;其次，提出风电的正负波动率和累计波动率的概念，并梯次分析了3种典型波动率下的储能系统功率和容量的配置策略;最后，基于MATLAB软件，从构建的标准正弦风电到随机选取的风电等3种典型场景进行算例分析，验证本文所提出的基于模型预测控制的风电波动平抑策略和采用累计波动率差值作为储能容量的评价指标有效性，为可再生能源的友好并网及储能优化配置提供一种参考.

关键词：风电波动; 模型预测控制; 储能; 正负波动率; 累计波动率差值

中图分类号：TM614                               文献标志码：A    文章编号：1674—2974（2020）08—0060—09

Abstract：In order to mitigate the impact of wind power fluctuation on the power grid， a model predictive control algorithm is proposed to analyze the optimal allocation of energy storage system with different fluctuation rate of wind power. Firstly， based on the model predictive control （MPC） algorithm， the control strategy of using energy storage to smooth the wind power fluctuation is studied， and an optimal configuration model is established. Secondly，the concepts of positive and negative fluctuation rate and cumulative fluctuation rate of wind power are proposed，and the power and capacity allocation strategies of energy storage system under three typical fluctuation rates are analyzed in steps. Finally， three typical scenarios， from the established standard sinusoidal wind power to the randomly selected wind power， are analyzed based on MATLAB software to verify the effectiveness of wind power fluctuation mitigation strategy based on model predictive control algorithm and the cumulative fluctuation rate difference as energy storage size evaluation index， which provides a reference for the friendly grid connection of renewable energy and energy storage optimal configuration.

Key words：wind power fluctuation;model predictive control（MPC）;energy storage;positive and negative fluctuation rate;cumulative fluctuation rate difference

为了应对传统能源的短缺和环境污染等问题，可再生能源得到快速发展，并越来越受到人们的青睐.风力发电是可再生能源发电的重要组成部分，受天气条件的影响，风电具有波动性和间歇性等特点，其规模化并网会对电力系统的频率、电压和电能质量等安全可靠运行带来极大影响[1-3]. 储能系统能够灵活调节电力系统的功率输出，可应用于平抑风电的功率波动，提高风电并网的友好程度，促进电网对风电的规模消纳[4-5].

目前，国内外已经开展了关于平抑风电波动储能系统的优化配置的前期研……