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淬火水温对2219铝合金锻环组织和力学性能的影响

2020-12-21马云龙陈送义王习锋陈康华

湖南大学学报·自然科学版 2020年8期

马云龙 陈送义 王习锋 陈康华

摘   要:采用室温拉伸测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等测试分析方法,研究淬火水温(20~80 ℃)对2219铝合金锻环组织和拉伸性能的影响. 研究结果表明:随着淬火水温提高,锻环的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率先升高后降低. 当淬火水温超过60 ℃时,锻环延伸率各向异性倾向显著增加,其主要原因是形成粗大晶界析出相. 当淬火水温为40 ℃时,锻环具有较好的强度和延伸率,其轴向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为418 MPa、300 MPa和9.3%,径向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为420 MPa、300 MPa和9.8%,切向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为447 MPa、329 MPa和12.6%.

关键词:铝合金;淬火水温;环锻件;显微组织;机械性能

中图分类号:TG146.2+1                  文献标志码:A   文章编号:1674—2974(2020)08—0118—06

Abstract:The effects of quenching water temperature(20 ~ 80 ℃) on the microstructure and mechanical property of 2219 Al alloy forging ring were studied by room temperature tensile test, optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results showed that the tensile strength and yield strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of quenching temperature. The elongation anisotropy index of 2219 Al alloy ring forging was significantly increased when the quenching water temperature exceeds 60 ℃ due to the formation of coarse grain boundary precipitates. The high strength and elongation of 2219 Al alloy ring forging was obtained under the quenching water temperature at 40 ℃. The axial tensile strength, yield strength and elongation  were 418 MPa,300 MPa and 9.3%, respectively. The radial tensile strength,yield strength and elongation were 420 MPa,300 MPa and 9.8%, respectively. The tangential tensile strength,yield strength and elongation were 447 MPa,329 MPa and 12.6%,respectively.

Key words:aluminum alloy;quenching water temperature;ring forging; microstructure;mechanical properties

2219鋁合金具有高的比强度及优良的焊接性能,广泛应用于航空航天领域[1-2]. 目前,2219铝合金主要用于制造运载火箭燃料贮箱用锻环. 采用2219铝合金制备的燃料贮箱锻环因受力条件复杂,力学性能的稳定性和均匀性是制约火箭可靠运行的关键因素之一[3-4]. 近年来,针对空间探索迈向深空需要研制新型大规格运载火箭的重大需求,设计人员提出研制直径达10 m级的高综合性能2219铝合金锻环[5-7]. 然而,对超大规格2219铝合金锻环组织和性能的关系研究尚不充分. 因此,深入开展超大规格2219铝合金锻环组织和性能关系的研究,以提高2219铝合金锻环力学性能及其均匀性成为当务之急.

研究发现,采用合适的淬火冷却条件能够获得铝合金较……

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