By V. M. Hillyer ——V. M. 希利尔

V. M.希利尔（1875—1931），美国著名的儿童教育家、科普作家，创建了卡尔弗特教育体系。他为孩子们编写了一套趣味盎然的历史、地理、艺术读物，即《写给孩子看的世界历史》《写给孩子看的世界地理》《写给孩子看的艺术史》。本文选自《写给孩子看的艺术史》。

Many towns are named for persons— Washington， St. Louis， Jacksonville， and others. It is not so often that persons are named for towns， but here is a painter who was named for one. The town was Perugia， in Italy， and the man was called Perugino （Pay-roo-jeeno）. He wasnt christened Perugino， but most people have forgotten what his real name was. Perugino wasnt even born in Perugia， but he went to live in that town and started a school for painters there.

美国许多地方都是以人名作为当地的城市名，比如华盛顿、圣路易斯、杰克逊维尔等城市;但是却很少有人会根据城市名来取自己的名字。我现在要给你介绍的这位画家就是特例，他的名字就是根据意大利城市佩鲁吉诺来取的。事实上，画家佩鲁吉诺出生时并不叫这个名字，但是大部分人都已经忘了他的原名。他的出生地也不是在佩鲁吉诺，只因为他后来在那里定居，并且创办了绘画学校。

You can tell whom some letters are from before you open them， just by the handwriting on the envelop. In the same way you can tell a picture that Perugino has painted even if it hasnt his name on it. He painted Madonnas and saints and after you have seen several of them， you can recognize others he did， even though you may not be able to tell just how or why. Usually they have their heads bent to one side， a very sweet expression， and usually the figure has one knee bent.

你收到一封信，有時不拆开信封就能知道是谁寄来的，那是因为你看出了信封上字迹的特点。同样的，即使没有署名，我们也能猜出哪些画是佩鲁吉诺画的，因为他的画也很有特点。佩鲁吉诺最常画的主题是圣母马利亚以及各位圣徒，通常你只要看过他的两三幅画就能认出他的其他画了，虽然你可能也没法说清你是如何辨认出来的。他画中人物特点通常都是头偏向一边，脸上带着微笑，一条腿微微弯曲。

Perugino painted many beautiful pictures， but he is chiefly famous because of one of his pupils. This pupil was a boy who many people feel became the greatest painter of all time. His name is Raphael. Raphael studied with Perugino for three years. By the time he was nineteen years old he had learned everything that his master could teach him， so he started out for himself. He died when he was thirty-seven years old， but he was such a hard worker that he had painted or drawn over a thousand pictures by that time. Indeed， we are told that he died from overwork.

佩鲁吉诺画过很多漂亮的画，不过，他的出名主要还是因为他的一名学生。佩鲁吉诺的这名学生是个小伙子，人们都认为这个年轻人是有史以来最伟大的画家，他就是拉斐尔。拉斐尔跟着佩鲁吉诺学习了三年。……