带同步器变速器与滑套式变速器的通用化设计研究

2020-10-21颜宗宏

汽车实用技术 2020年11期

颜宗宏

摘要：带同步器的变速器在汽车换挡过程中有着换挡轻便性好、舒适度高、换挡过程平顺、顿挫感低、操作简单、驾驶强度低等显著优点;但也存在一些缺点，如同步器成本高、部分摩擦材料耐磨性差，司机操作不当时摩擦材料磨损快等，为此国内部分市场存在使用滑套式换挡的变速器。滑套式变速器使用两脚离合换挡，零件数量少，也没有同步器的摩擦材料，所以成本较低、同样条件下使用可靠性较高。鉴于带同步器变速器与滑套式变速器在市场上共存，文章通过研究提出了一种通用化的设计方法，可简单并快速的实现带同步器变速器与滑套式变速器的互换，对变速器降本及通用化设计等具有重要的借鉴意义。关键词：变速器;同步器;滑套;通用化;换挡中图分类号：U462.1 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1671-7988（2020）11-85-03

Abstract： Transmission with synchronizer has obvious advantages in the process of shifting， such as good portability， high comfort of operation， smooth during shifting， low jerk and bump， simple operation， low driving intensity， etc. however， there are also some disadvantages， such as high cost of synchronizer， poor wear resistance of some friction materials， fast wear of friction materials when the driver is not operating properly， etc. Therefore， transmission with the type of sliding sleeve shifting is used in some domestic markets. The sliding sleeve transmission uses double-declutching to shift gears， with fewer parts and no friction material of synchronizer， so it has lower cost and higher reliability under the same conditions compared with synchronizer. In view of the coexistence of the transmission with synchronizer and the sliding sleeve transmission in the market， this paper puts forward a general design method through research， which can realize the interchange of the transmis -sion with synchronizer and the sliding sleeve transmission simply and quickly， and has important reference significance for the cost reduction and general design of the transmission.Keywords： Transmission; Synchronizer; Sliding sleeve; Generalization; Shift gearCLC NO.： U462.1 Document Code： B Article ID： 1671-7988（2020）11-85-03

前言

帶同步器的变速器，同步器一般采用锁环式结构[1]，这种结构在传统机械式变速器上应用比较普遍，根据同步器摩擦副锥面的数量可以分为单锥面、双锥面和多锥面[2]，如图1所示是锁环式双锥面同步器结构图，由9个零件组成，1为外摩擦环、2为中间环、3为内摩擦环、4为结合齿圈、5为齿毂、6为滑动齿套、7为滑块、8为柱销、9为弹簧[3]。