康斌 雷龙

摘 要：以陕西省引汉济渭调水工程秦岭隧洞TBM施工段岭南工程为依托，为克服TBM在长距离大埋深隧洞施工中遭遇的高磨蚀性硬岩、强烈岩爆和突涌水等施工难点，研究了掘进参数，优化了刀盘刀具，对岩爆预测并进行分类防治，采取了超前探水及堵排结合等多种措施、监测技术和施工工法。针对TBM在高磨蚀性硬岩掘进期间刀具磨损大、掘进效率低、施工成本高等问题，总结得出掘进参数选取宜遵循刀盘高转速、低贯入度，掘进高推力、低扭矩的掘进原则，通过加强刀具与围岩适应性研究，合理选择刀具，采用调整刀盘刮板座结构、易损件改用耐磨材料、优化刀盘喷水结构等刀盘升级措施可有效增加刀盘刀具使用寿命。针对岩爆给现场带来的施工难题，借助微震监测系统预判岩爆等级，分别就轻微、中等岩爆提出了防治措施，提出了“柔性结合刚性，辅以新材料”的组合工法。针对隧洞开挖出现的突涌水问题，根据“以堵为主、堵排结合、加强抽排”施工指导思路，总结出超前探水技术。这些措施大幅提高了TBM在高腐蚀硬岩洞段的掘进效率，有效吸收了岩爆发生时释放的能量，及时解除了突涌水淹没设备的风险。

关键词：TBM;硬岩;岩爆;突涌水;措施;引汉济渭工程

中图分类号：TV53 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.02.022

Abstract：During the construction process of long distance large deeply buried tunnel， full face tunnel boring machine （TBM） has the advantages such as high efficient boring， good tunnel formation and safety operation， at the same time， it brings great trouble for the constructors to choose the existing mature construction method flexibly when they are dealing with the geological tunnel section in adverse condition with poor adaptability of TBM. This paper was based on Lingnan Project of Qinling tunnel TBM construction section in Hanjiang to Weihe River Water Transfer Project in Shaanxi Province， in order to solve the construction difficulties suffered from the hard rock TBM in the long distance large deeply buried tunnel construction， such as highly abrasive hard rock， strong rock burst and sudden water gushing， etc.， the corresponding measures of construction were summarized and put forward respectively through the multiple measures， monitoring technology and construction method such as analyzing and studying the boring parameter， optimizing the cutting disc & cutting tool， predicting the rock burst， classifying the prevention， detecting water in advance and combining the clogging and draining， which improved the boring efficiency of TBM in highly corrosive hard rock section significantly， absorbed the energy released effectively when the rock burst occurred and eliminated the risk of the equipment flooded by sudden water gushing timely. The research results can provide reference for similar engineering construction.

Key words： TBM; hard rock; rock burst; sudden water gushing; measures; Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project

全斷面隧洞掘进机（TBM）因工作效率高、隧洞成型好、对周边环境影响小及作业安全等优点而被广泛应用于国内外深埋长隧洞的施工中[1-3]。近年来，随着TBM的推广及应用，国内外学者和工程技术人员对TBM掘进施工提出了宝贵的建议。……