潘剑光 胡鹏 杨泽凡 张汶海

摘 要：针对北方平原区城市由于地势平坦、水源不足造成的水生态环境问题，提出以提升河流水动力条件和入河污染负荷削减为基础的水环境治理思路，实现水系水质的整体提升。以滨州市滨城区为例，在水系连通的基础上，通过合理设置泵站加强河道水体流动，提升水系水动力条件，以MIKE11水动力水质模型为技术支撑，模拟不同情景下水系的水动力水质条件，从水动力、水质和经济可行性3方面对模拟结果进行评价，得到最优水动力情景，并据此情景的水质模拟结果倒推水质全面达标的污染负荷削减方案。结果表明：水位7.0 m、流速0.10 m/s为最优水动力情景，在该情景下，将污水处理厂出水标准全部提升至Ⅴ类水时，河道水质能全面达到Ⅳ类水标准。

关键词：城市水系;水动力;水环境;MIKE11模型;北方平原区

中图分类号：X321 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.02.012

Abstract：For the water environment problem of cities in northern plain， which has caused by their flat terrain and water shortage， we proposed the water environment control thought based on the improvement of rivers hydrodynamic condition and the reduction of pollutants to gradually improve the water quality entirely and permanently. It took the urban water system of Binzhou as an example， strengthened the liquidity of river to improve the hydrodynamic conditions by setting the pumping station reasonable after the water system were all connected， then used the hydrodynamic and water quality model of MIKE 11 to simulate the hydrodynamic and water quality condition of different hydrodynamic scenarios， then choose the optimal hydrodynamic scenario by the synthetical evaluate of the hydrodynamic， water quality and economical conditions of each scenario and ascertained the standard of sewage treatment plants to be upgraded by the water quality condition of the optimal scenario. The results show that the scenario with water level of 7.0 m and velocity of 0.1 m/s is the best hydrodynamic scenario， and when the quality of the sewage treatment plant effluent reaches to the standards for Grade V and the water quality of the urban water system will reach to the Grade IV.

Key words： urban water system; hydrodynamic; water environment; MIKE11; cities of north plain

随着城市的迅速发展，人类对城区内河道的影响日渐凸显，一方面人类活动改变了河道的自然形态，导致河网水系萎缩、连通性下降、调蓄能力减弱[1-5];另一方面将大量生活和工业污水排入河道，加剧了城市水系水质恶化和生态环境退化[6]。北方平原区城市受自身条件限制，一方面水系流动性不强，另一方面缺乏水源补给，水生态环境问题突出[1]。

城市水系的生态环境问题不仅关系着水系自身的健康，而且影响着城市发展和人民生活質量的提高。传统的城市水环境治理方式主要包括河道清淤、污水处理、引调清水[7]等工程手段，但是这些工程手段往往没有考虑城区水系水动力条件对水环境的影响。……