纪轶群 王树芳 韩征 黄昱琪 曹颖 郭兆成

摘 要：大气降水入渗补给地下水是一个复杂的过程，以区域水量均衡法和遥感、地理信息技术为依据，论证降水入渗系数与下垫面因子之间的关系，从栅格尺度（30 m×30 m）建立基于专家经验知识和加权评价系统的模型和统计学关系，得出北京各岩溶水研究区降水入渗系数。研究结果表明：①研究区内岩性与构造因子是影响降水入渗补给条件的关键因素;研究区内的碳酸盐岩区最利于降水入渗补给。②利用2011年大气降水资料，分别使用本文提出的降水入渗系数方法和传统降水入渗系数计算方法相互验证，对2011年大气降水入渗量进行计算，表明建立统计回归模型能有效得出栅格尺度（30 m×30 m）上北京山区岩溶水系统降水入渗系数值。

关键词：降水入渗系数;岩溶水系统;水均衡法;北京市

中图分类号：TV213.4 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2020.02.008

Abstract：The groundwater recharge from atmospheric precipitation is a complex process， which is related to the fl unsaturated zone lithology， topography， vegetation， geological conditions， human activities and etc. The precise precipitation infiltration rate is the key to evaluate groundwater resources. This work included water balance method and spatial information technology （remote sensing and geographic information technology） to analyze the factors that influencing the precipitation infiltration rate; and utilized GIS technology to build weighted evaluation model（weighted averages method） on the grid scale in order to identify the spatial difference index of precipitation infiltration. This paper calculated typical infiltration factors based on spring area using water balance method， and established statistical relationship between precipitation infiltration rate and spatial difference index. Then these results were applied to a mountainous region of karst water system in Beijing，which was verified by obtained precipitation infiltration data in 2011. It demonstrates that the unsaturated zone lithology and structures are the key factors affecting recharge conditions of precipitation infiltration， and the karst region has the best conditions for precipitation infiltration. Verified by 2011 data， the statistical regression model is able to precisely calculate the precipitation infiltration rate of the karst water system in karst area of Beijing on the grid scale.

Key words： infiltration coefficient of precipitation; karst water system; water balance method; Beijing City

水是人類赖以生存和生产发展不可替代的宝贵资源，是实现社会可持续发展和绿色发展的重要基础。地下水是水资源的重要组成部分，特别在我国北方地区，地下水既是重要的供水水源，又是维系生态环境可持续发展的重要因素，大气降水入渗补给是地下水补给的重要来源。岩溶区的降水入渗量占岩溶水补给量的60%以上，岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给量是水均衡计算中的重要指标，准确计算降水补给量至关重要[1]。同时，大气降水入渗补给地下水受到下垫面等多种因素的影响，降水入渗过程异常复杂，入渗补给量的大小不仅受包气带岩性、降水在时间上的分配、地形、植被的影响，而且与地质条件以及人类活动等有关[2-5]。……