贾云娜

[摘要] 目的 采用白山市重点职业病监测系统数据库计量学的方法进行统计分析，探讨白山市煤尘作业工人尘肺样改变分布情况。方法 以白山市重点职业病监测系统为数据源，对有效数据进行统计分析。结果 白山市煤尘作业工人尘肺样改变按地区分布全都集中在浑江区和江源区;按行业分布采矿业占97.00%，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业占3.00%;按经济类型分布国有经济占100.00%;按企业规模分布全部为大型企业;按性别分布全部为男性。结论 白山市煤尘作业工人尘肺样改变工人全都为男性，主要集中在浑江区和江源区的国有经济大型企业;按行业主要分布在采矿业，提示上述行业为本市职业病的重点防控行业。

[关键词] 煤尘作业工人;尘肺样改变;分布

[中图分类号] R194.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）06（a）-0196-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the distribution of pneumoconiosis in coal dust workers in Baishan City by statistical analysis using the database metrology method of the key occupational disease monitoring system in Baishan City. Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the effective data with the monitoring system of key occupational diseases in Baishan City as the data source. Results The pneumoconiosis of coal dust workers in Baishan City were all concentrated in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District. The mining industry accounted for 97.00%， and the electricity， heat， gas and water production and supply industries accounted for 3.00%. Economic type distribution State-owned economy accounted for 100.00%; all enterprises are large-scale enterprises according to their size; all were male by gender. Conclusion All the pneumoconiosis workers in coal dust workers in Baishan City were male， mainly in large state-owned enterprises in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District; they were mainly distributed in the mining industry by industry， suggesting that the above industries were occupational diseases key prevention and control industries.

[Key words] Coal dust workers; Pneumoconiosis-like changes; Distribution

塵肺病是由于在职业活动中长期吸入生产性粉尘并在肺内潴留而引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的全身性疾病[1-3]。尘肺是严重危害工人健康的职业病[4]，占我国全部职业病病例总数的90%。尘肺病的并发症是患者常见的死因。如呼吸系统感染、自发性气胸、肺结核、肺癌及肺间皮瘤等，其结果将导致肺功能不全、呼吸衰竭进而死亡[5-6]。罹患尘肺的患者严重降低劳动力，甚至导致伤残，给患者造成痛苦，降低生活质量，严重者威胁患者生命安全。也严重影响了社会的和谐发展与稳定[7]。尘肺病目前尚无法根治，但完全可以预防，早发现、早诊断、早治疗尘肺病[8]。白山市是煤工尘肺接触人数较多的地区之一，对煤尘作业工人尘肺样改变分布情况进行分析，以期了解白山市煤工尘肺现状及发展趋势，加强防护措施，控制和减少尘肺病的发生，现报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  材料

通过收集2017年度白山市重点职业病监测库填报的2 269条职业健康检查有效数据进行统计分析。

1.2  方法

采用白山市重点职业病监测系统数据库计量学的方法进行统计分析，计数资料以频数（n）和百分比表示。

2  结果分析

2.1  白山市煤工尘肺作业工人胸片专项检查情况按地区分布

全市煤工尘肺胸片检查2 269例，浑江区1 195例，尘肺样改变16例，占浑江区1.34%，江源区1 074例，尘肺样改变20例，占江源区1.86%，全市尘肺样改变36例全都集中在浑江区和江源区。见表1。

2.2  白山市煤工尘肺作业工人胸片专项检查情况按行业分布

白山市煤工尘肺胸片检查2 269例，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业81例中，尘肺样改变1例，占0.01%，采矿业2 113例，尘肺样改变35例，占1.66%，白山市尘肺样改变36例中，采矿业占97.00%，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业占3.00%。见表2。