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广西澳洲坚果园害虫群落结构及其动态研究

2020-09-22谭德锦王文林汤秀华许鹏黄锡云

农业研究与应用 2020年4期

谭德锦 王文林 汤秀华 许鹏 黄锡云

摘 要:为了科学指导生产,为澳洲坚果害虫的可持续控制提供科学依据,作者于2016年全年,在广西崇左市龙州县广西南亚热带农业科学研究所澳洲坚果园进行系统调查,研究害虫的群落结构和动态规律。研究结果表明,澳洲坚果害虫群落包括7目43科104种,其中鳞翅目、半翅目、缨翅目害虫为优势种群。蝽象类(主要是茶翅蝽和稻绿蝽)、荔枝异形小卷蛾、桃蛀螟、玳灰蝶海南亚种、茶黄蓟马是主要害虫,直接影响澳洲坚果的产量和品质,是生产上防治的重点。澳洲坚果害虫群落与气候和人工活动息息相关,每年的3-9月害虫发生的种类最多,数量较大,是加强综合防治的关键时期。在防治实践中,应注意保护天敌,保护果园生物多样性。

关键詞:澳洲坚果 害虫群落 动态

中图分类号:S436.67         文献标识码:A

Abstract:In order to provide scientific basis for sustainable control of macadamia pests and guidance for macadamia production, we conducted a systematic investigation into the structure and dynamics of pest community in the macadamia orchards of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou county, Chongzuo city in 2016. 7 orders, 43 families and 104 species of pests were found in the macadamia orchards. Among them, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera pests are the dominant populations. Stink bugs (Mainly Halyomorpha halys and N. viridula forma typican L.), Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Lower, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée, Deudorix epijarbas menesicles Fruhstorfer, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood are the major pests, which directly affect the yield and quality of macadamia, should be the focus of prevention and control in production. The pest community in macadamia orchards is closely related to climate and artificial activities. From March to September every year when pests have the most species and larger quantities, is the critical period to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control. Meanwhile, protection of natural enemies and conservation of biodiversity in macadamia orchards should be taken.

Key words:Macadamia; pest community; dynamics

澳洲坚果又名昆士兰栗,夏威夷果等,种仁富含不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、维生素等,营养价值高,风味独特,素有“干果皇后”之称。广西是澳洲坚果主产地之一,种植总面积已超过1.4万hm2,位居全国第二[1]。随着产业结构的不断调整,澳洲坚果的种植面积不断扩大,为害澳洲坚果的害虫种类不断增多,危害程度逐步加重。害虫为害制约了澳洲坚果产业的可持续发展。加强对澳洲坚果害虫的综合防治研究成为促进澳洲坚果产业健康发展的迫切需要。前人对澳洲坚果害虫的研究大都集中于某种害虫的生物学特性、种群发生动态和防治方面[2-6],对澳洲坚果害虫的综合治理,须更加注重群落结构的研究,而不能只考虑某种害虫本身[7]。……

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