陈蕾 黄芝凤

摘要：党的十八大以来，我国进入生态文明建设的新时期。随着自然岸线保有率控制制度的实施和各地规划中海岸线“占补平衡”的提出，对海岸线的管理和保护也进入占补平衡的新阶段。文章通过对海岸线和耕地进行类比分析，在梳理我国耕地占补平衡的发展历程、平衡的行政范围设置、平衡的方法等基础上，探索以生态空间支撑发展空间的海岸线可持续发展模式。包括：通过编制相关规划，做好新增具有生态功能的岸线来源储备;从岸线价值评估、搭建岸线存储平台等方面研究建立支撑技术方法;建立海岸线占补平衡管理系统平台、异地占补平衡机制、监督管理机制，形成有效的实施和监管体制，逐步建立行之有效的生态岸线指标交易市场体系。

关键词：海岸线;占补平衡;对策措施;耕地;生态修复

Abstract：Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，China has entered a new era of ecological civilization construction.With the implementation of the natural shoreline retention control system and the proposal of the “Requisition-Compensation Balance” for Shoreline in local planning，the management and protection of shoreline has entered a new stage of the Requisition-Compensation Balance.Based on the comparative analysis of shoreline and cultivated land，this paper explored the sustainable development mode of shoreline where the development space was supported by the ecological space，after discussing about the development process，the setting of balance administrative scope and the method of balance of cultivated land Requisition-Compensation Balance in China，which include making a good reserve of new coastline sources with ecological functions through the preparation of relevant plans，researching and establishing supportive technology methods from the aspects of shoreline value evaluation，building shoreline storage platform，etc.，and establishing the management system platform，the balance mechanism and the supervision and management mechanism of the Requisition-Compensation Balance for shoreline，to form an effective implementation and supervision system.An effective trading market system for ecological shoreline indicators will be gradually established.

Key words：Shoreline，Requisition-Compensation Balance，Countermeasures，Cultivated land，Ecological restoration

0 引言

黨的十八大以来，我国进入生态文明建设的新时期。2016年11月，中央全面深化改革领导小组审议通过的《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》中，明确提出了建立自然岸线保有率控制制度和到2020年全国大陆自然岸线保有率不低于35%的控制目标;并对自然岸线范畴进行了界定，除原生岸线外，整治修复后具有自然海岸形态特征和生态功能的海岸线也纳入自然岸线管控目标管理。该办法对沿海各地的自然岸线保有率给出了底数限制，同时也通过对岸线的整治修复给地方提供了自然岸线保有增长的途径。之后广东、浙江、河北等地均开展相关工作，出台了各地的海岸带（线）综合保护与利用总体规划，提出应当建立海岸线占补平衡制度及明确占补平衡的方法。……