滕波 严恩泽 滕志奇

摘 要：森林火灾与城市火灾不同，其扑救方法也不完全相同。传统森林火灾扑救方法无法应对火灾环境恶劣、蔓延迅速快、点多线长面广的特点。针对该问题，结合城市消防救援队伍职能任务与典型森林火灾案例，提出一种加强森林火灾扑救应急通信保障能力的方法。通过构建卫星—无人机—地面的空天地一体化通信系统，保证话音、定位、图像等通信业务实时性，并设计一种基于倾斜摄影与金字塔匹配技术构建三维实景模型，提高后续灭火力量部署位置准确性。该方案有效性在广东佛山12·5山火消防救援扑救行动中得到了验证。

关键词：应急通信;空天地一体化;无人机自组网;三维地图;火灾识别

DOI：10. 11907/rjdk. 201846 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

中图分类号：TP399文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7800（2020）008-0192-05

Abstract： Forest fire is different from urban fire， and its fighting methods are not completely the same. The traditional forest fire fighting methods cannot deal with the characteristics of bad environment， rapid spread， many points， long line and large scope. By analyzing some typical forest fire cases and considering the capacity of the urban fire rescue team， we propose a method which provides a guarantee of forest fire fighting and emergency communication. A space-air-ground integrated communication system called Satellite-UAV-Ground is designed， which helps ensure the real-time performance of voice， localization， image and other communication services. Moreover， a 3D real-scene model method based on oblique photography and spatial pyramid matching technology is designed to improve the accuracy of the following fire fighting forces position. The efficiency of the method is proved during the fire rescue in Foshan， Guangdong Province on December 5，2019.

Key Words： emergency communication; space-air-ground integrated communication system; UAV ad hoc network; 3D map; fire identification

0 引言

森林火災与城市火灾不同，其扑救方法也不完全相同。森林火灾具有点多线长面广、蔓延迅速、扑救时间长、环境恶劣、参战力量多的特点。本文针对这些特点，设计一种森林火灾应急通信系统，如图1所示。

森林火灾属于敞开式燃烧，往往火借风势，风助火势，火势蔓延速度极快;同时需投入大量救火力量，还需长时间的作战指挥，因此对通信系统畅通性要求较高。卫星通信系统、无人机自组网通信系统相关技术已比较成熟，无人机自组网中无人机中继通信的应用也逐渐广泛。文献[1]提出卫星通信在应急通信系统中具有覆盖区域大、可多址联接、机动……