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对称铣削系统协同运动位姿误差预测与补偿算法

2020-09-02周波张立强高进伟

软件导刊 2020年8期

周波 张立强 高进伟

摘 要:针对对称铣削系统在加工过程中会出现协同位姿误差的问题,提出一种考虑温度变化的对称铣削系统协同位姿误差预测与补偿方法。在恒温条件下,将对称铣削系统的工作空间划分为平动轴运动空间和旋转轴运动空间,提出一种在采样点误差已知情况下的误差预测算法;在变温条件下,通过测量分析对称铣削系统的热误差,提出一种能够快速确定任意温度下系统误差的方法。在误差补偿方面,提出一种递归算法补偿系统误差,并在对称铣削系统上进行实验。结果表明,在恒温条件下,补偿后的协同位置精度及姿态精度分别提高了78.42%和57.03% ,在变温条件下分别提高了79.14%和62.79%,验证了该算法的有效性。

关键词:对称铣削系统;协同运动;位姿误差;误差预测;误差补偿

DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 192333 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

中图分类号:TP312文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2020)008-0065-07

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of coordinated pose error in symmetric milling system, we propose an effective method for predicting and compensating coordinated pose error in symmetric milling system considering temperature variation. Firstly, for error prediction at constant temperature, the workspace of symmetric milling system is divided into translational axis motion space and rotational axis motion space, and an error prediction algorithm is proposed when the sampling point error is known. In the case of variable temperature, the thermal error of symmetric milling system is analyzed by error measurement, and a method which can quickly determine the system error at any temperature is proposed. In the aspect of error compensation, a recursive algorithm is proposed to compensate the system error, and the experiment is carried out on the symmetric milling system. The results show that the coordinated position precision and pose precision are increased by 78.42% and 57.03% respectively at constant temperature and 79.14% and 62.79% respectively at variable temperature, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Key Words: symmetric milling system; cooperative movement;pose error; error prediction; error compensation

0 引言

近年來出现的对称铣削系统是一种加工大型蒙皮的理想设备,其弥补了传统化学铣削能耗高、污染严重、精度低、工序复杂等缺点[1]。几何误差、热误差,以及切削力引起的误差对机床加工精度会造成很大影响[2]。在这些误差中,准静态误差占机床总误差的60%以上,而高达75%的工件几何误差可能是由热误差引起的[3- 4]。

为了提高加工精度,误差补偿技术一直是制造业领域研究的热点。对于几何误差,研究人员提出了一些机床误差测量、建模与补偿方法[5-7]。如陈剑雄等[8]提出基于微分变换的多轴数控机床几何误差解耦方法;Lian等[9]考虑重力效应,提出一种基于虚功原理与变形叠加原理的并联机床刚度模型。……

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