耿云灿 董炜华 李晓强 王海涛 翟丽华

【摘   要】 本文总结了国内当前研究较多的培肥措施（单施无机肥、单施有机物料、无机肥与有机物料配施）对农田土壤动物群落的组成、多样性及结构的影响。结果表明无机肥与有机物料配施比单施化肥更有利于土壤动物数量的增加;营养均衡、施有机肥或有机无机配施更有利于保持土壤动物多样性;土壤动物多样性可指示有机质含量变化、土壤结构状况等肥力特征;土壤动物存在表聚性和时间变化特征。今后可加强生物菌肥等环境友好型肥料利用及对土壤动物群落影响研究，为促进农业可持续生产提供一定理论依据。

【关键词】 培肥措施;中国农田;土壤动物群落

中图分类号：S365               文献识别码：A               文章编号：2096-1073（2020）09-0054-55

A Brief Analysis of the Effects of Fertilizing Measures on Soil Fauna

Communities in Farmland in China

GENG Yuncan1， DONG Weihua1*， LI Xiaoqiang1， WANG Haitao1， ZHAI Lihua2

（1.College of Geographic Science， Changchun Normal University   Changchun， Jilin   130032; 2.Changchun No. 48 Middle School   Changchun， Jilin   130032）

[Abstract] In this paper， the effects of fertilizing measures （inorganic fertilizer only， organic material only， inorganic fertilizer combined with organic material） on the composition， diversity and structure of farmland soil animal community were summarized. The results showed that the combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic material was more beneficial to increase the number of soil animals than the single fertilizer. Balanced nutrition， organic fertilizer or organic and inorganic fertilizer is more conducive to the preservation of soil animal diversity; Soil animal diversity can indicate fertility characteristics such as organic matter content change and soil structure status. Soil animals have the characteristics of surface aggregation and time variation. In the future， we can strengthen the utilization of bio-bacterial fertilizer and other environmentally friendly fertilizers and its influence on soil animal community， so as to provide some theoretical basis for promoting sustainable agricultural production.

[Key words] fertilizing measures; Chinese farmland; soil fauna community

1  引言

土壤動物是土壤养分的制造者，其类群或群落组成等差异能够反映土壤生态系统中环境的变化[1]。目前人们为提高土壤肥力采取不同培肥措施，对土壤动物的群落结构及多样性产生很大影响。当前大部分培肥以无机肥、有机物料或无机有机物料配施为主。培肥的影响更多关注于对土壤理化性质、微生物以及作物产量的影响及不同体型土壤动物如大型土壤动物（蚯蚓、白蚁等）、中型土壤动物（螨类、跳虫等）和小型土壤动物（线虫、原生动物等）对不同培肥措施的响应研究[2 -6]。

本文总结了国内当前研究较多的培肥措施（单施无机肥、单施有机物料、无机肥与有机物料配施）对农田土壤动物群落的组成、多样性及结构的影响。……