王喆 邓锐

摘要：大型矿用挖掘机的工作过程实际上就是挖掘机的铲斗部分与被挖掘物料间相互作用的过程，铲斗的结构及状态直接影响到挖掘机整机所受的载荷。目前铲斗存在着阻力大、冲击大、满斗率低等问题，大大的限制了挖掘机的工作效率。通过对WK-55大型矿用挖掘机铲斗的三维建模，运用EDEM软件对其进行离散元仿真分析。研究了不同物料参数对大型矿用挖掘机挖掘阻力的影响。为提高大型矿用挖掘机的工作效率，对斗齿结构进行优化设计。挖掘阻力优化前的峰值为15.82kN，而优化后的峰值为14.26kN，降低了9.86%。挖掘质量优化前的峰值为30.07kg，而优化后的峰值为50.02kg，提高了66.35%。结果表明，经过优化的大型矿用挖掘铲斗结构更加合理。

Abstract： The working process of a large mining excavator is actually the interaction between the bucket part of the excavator and the excavated material. The structure and state of the bucket directly affect the loads of the excavator. At present， problems such as high resistance， high impact and low rate of full bucket exist in bucket， greatly limit the working efficiency of excavator. Through 3D modeling of WK-55 large mining excavator bucket， the discrete element simulation analysis is carried out by EDEM software. The influence of different material parameters on excavation resistance of large mining excavators is studied. In order to improve the working efficiency of large mining excavators， the bucket teeth structure is optimized. The peak value before optimization of excavation resistance is 15.82kN， while the peak value after optimization is 14.26kN， which is reduced by 9.86%. The peak value before optimization of excavation quality is 30.07kg， while the peak value after optimization is 50.02kg， which is increased by 66.35%. The results show that the optimized structure of large mining excavator bucket is more reasonable.

关键词：矿用挖掘机;铲斗结构;离散元法;挖掘阻力

Key words： mining excavator;bucket structure;discrete element method;excavating resistance

中图分类号：TD422.2                                   文献标识码：A                                  文章编号：1006-4311（2020）23-0143-06

0  引言

大型矿用挖掘机是矿场工作必不可少的工作设备[1，2]。铲斗作为挖掘机重要的组成部件，承载着挖掘物料的作用。铲斗在工作时受力复杂，结构安全是其设计时优先考虑的问题。目前对铲斗结构的设计一般是在某些工况下将铲斗视作一个单独个体进行考虑，然后在离散元软件中进行仿真模拟和在有限元软件中进行计算分析[3，4]。这种计算方法忽略了具体铲斗结构，只保留了部分工作部件。本文以WK-55型大型矿用挖掘机的铲斗为研究对象，拟在有离散元仿真的基础上，利用EDEM软件进行仿真。分析铲斗在不同情况下所受到的挖掘阻力变化，为铲斗结构的优化设计提供理论基础。……