王珊珊 钱青 樊琼 邹鹏 王丰 陈丽青

摘 要 目的：了解上海市閔行区某镇2018学年中小学生的健康状况，为学生常见病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法：收集上海市闵行区某镇2018学年19所中小学校18 783名学生的体检数据，其中小学生为12 074名，年龄7～13岁，中学生6 709名，年龄12～19岁；男生有9 599名，女生9 184名。分析学生常见病检出情况。结果：18 783名中小学生中，视力不良的检出率（66.36%）最高，其次分别为超重（16.62%）、肥胖（12.35%）、贫血（11.40%）、营养不良（4.85%）。中学生的视力不良和超重检出率高于小学生，营养不良和贫血检出率低于小学生，差异有均统计学意义（P<0.01）；男生的视力不良和贫血检出率低于女生，超重和肥胖的检出率高于男生，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：闵行区某镇中小学生视力不良、超重、肥胖、营养不良及贫血问题不容忽视，应根据学生年龄和性别特点进一步加强防治工作。

关键词 常见病；视力不良；营养状况；中小学生；健康体检

中图分类号：R179 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）16-0046-04

Analysis of physical examination results of primary and middle school students in a town of Minhang District， Shanghai in 2018 school year

WANG Shanshan， QIAN Qing， FAN Qiong， ZOU Peng， WANG Feng， CHEN Liqing（Department of Prevention and Health Care of Xinzhuang Community Health Service Center of Minhang District， Shanghai 201199， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the health status of primary and middle school students in a town of Minhang District， Shanghai in 2018 school year to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of common diseases in the students. Methods： The physical examination data of 18 783 students in 19 primary and middle schools in a town of Minhang District of Shanghai in 2018 school year were collected， and among them， there were12 074 primary school students with the age of 7～13 years old and there were 6 709 middle school students with the age of 12～19 years old； there were 9 599 boys and 9 184 girls. The detection of common diseases in the students was analyzed. Results： Among the 18 783 primary and middle school students， the detection rate of poor vision was the highest（66.36%）， followed by overweight（16.62%）， obesity（12.35%）， anemia（11.40%） and malnutrition（4.85%）. The detection rate of poor vision and overweight in middle school students was higher than that in primary school students， the detection rate of malnutrition and anemia in middle school students was lower than that in primary school students， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）； the detection rate of poor vision and anemia in boys was lower than that in girls， the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls than in boys， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. Conclusion： The problems of poor eyesight， overweight， obesity， malnutrition and anemia in primary and middle school students in a town of Minhang District should not be ignored， and the prevention and control work should be further strengthened according to the age and gender characteristics of students.

KEY WORDS common disease； poor vision； nutritional status； primary and middle school students； physical examination

学生常见病的预防以及中小学生生长发育状况监测一直是儿少卫生学研究及学校卫生工作的重点[1]。本文旨在掌握上海市闵行区某镇中小学生健康情况，为加强学生常见病的预防控制，提高学校卫生管理工作的针对性提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料

资料来源于上海市闵行区某镇2018学年19所中小学校18 783名学生的体检数据，其中小学生为12 074名，年龄7～13岁，中学生6 709名，年龄12～19岁；男生有9 599名，女生9 184名。

1.2 方法

按照上级文件要求，由上海莘庄社区卫生服务中心医务人员组成专业健康体检团队，对参与体检的医师进行《2018学年闵行区学生体检方案与操作规范》培训，使用统一的体检记录表，统一操作方法、评价标准、规范仪器使用和数据记录。参照《上海市中小学生健康体检实施办法（试行）》的有关要求，对参与健康体检的中小学生进行病史询问和内科、外科、眼科、耳鼻咽喉科、口腔科的常规检查，以及形体指标的检查和实验室检查。……