吴介元 张剑敏 茅俭波

摘 要 目的：分析上海市长白社区60～69岁老年人的体质状况，为有针对性地实施老年人健康促进举措提供依据。方法：通过简单随机抽样获得上海市长白社区635名60～69岁老年人的信息。60～64岁的年龄组有327人，其中男性111人，女性216人；65～69岁年龄组有308人，其中男性134人，女性174人。根据《国民体质测定标准手册（老年人部分）》測量和分析老年人形态（身高、体重）；机能（肺活量）和素质（坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立、选择反应时、握力）等国民体质监测指标。结果：上海长白社区60～69岁老年人体质达标率达到98.27%，高于全国和上海市平均水平。与全国平均水平相比，上海长白社区老年人的握力、选择反应时、单脚站立的指标较好，但在体前屈、肺活量方面有所不足，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。上海长白社区男性老人的肺活量、握力、闭眼单脚站立等值高于女性，选择反应时和坐位体前屈的测量值低于女性，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：上海长白社区老年人整体体质相对较好，但在肺活量和柔韧性等方面有进一步提升空间，应开展有针对性地科学指导。

关键词 体质；老年人；监测；分析

中图分类号：R15 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）16-0042-04

Comparative analysis of physical fitness monitoring results of the elderly aged from 60 to 69 years old in Changbai Community， Yangpu District， Shanghai*

WU Jieyuan1*， ZHANG Jianmin2， MAO Jianbo1（1. General Practice Department of Changbai Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District， Shanghai 200093， China. 2. Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Changbai Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District， Shanghai 200093， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the physical condition of the elderly aged from 60 to 69 years old in Changbai Community of Shanghai， and to provide the basis for targeted health promotion measures for the elderly. Methods： The information of 635 elderly people aged from 60 to 69 years old in Changbai Community of Shanghai was obtained by simple random sampling. There were 327 people aged from 60 to 64 years old， including 111 males and 216 females； there were 308 people aged from 65 to 69 years old， including 134 males and 174 females. According to the “National Physical Fitness Test Standard Manual （part of the elderly）” the morphology （height， weight）； function （lung capacity） and qualities （front flexion in sitting position， standing on one foot with closed eyes， response time， and grip strength） of elderly people etc. were measured and analyzed. Results： The physical fitness standard rate of the elderly aged from 60 to 69 years old in Changbai Community of Shanghai reached 98.27%， which was higher than the average level of China and Shanghai. Compared with the national average level， the elderly in Changbai Community in Shanghai had better grip strength， choice reaction time and standing on one foot， however， it was insufficient in body flexion and vital capacity， and the differences were statistically significant （P <0.05）. The elderly men in Changbai Community of Shanghai had higher vital capacity， grip strength， standing with closed eyes and one foot than the elderly women， the measured values of flexion at the time of selection response and sitting position in the elderly men were lower than those in the elderly women， and the differences were statistically significant （P <0.05）. Conclusion： The overall physical fitness of the elderly in Changbai Community of Shanghai is relatively good， however， there is room for further improvement in lung capacity and flexibility， and targeted scientific guidance should be carried out.

KEY WORDS physical fitness； elderly people； monitor； analysis

随着老龄人口的不断增加，老龄化压力日益凸显。延长寿命，提高生命质量，减缓衰老和器官功能下降成为老年卫生保健的目标[1]。为响应国家号召，各地区广泛组织老年人参与体质监测活动，使得越来越多的老年人了解自己的健康状况，从而积极参与体育锻炼，逐步提升身体素质与健康水平[2]。本文旨在了解社區60～69岁老年人的体质现状和特点，为改善老年人体质提供参考依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

本次研究的对象为60～69岁的上海长白社区居民。根据简单随机抽样中样本量的计算公式确定达到一定精度时所需样本量[2]。共获得有效样本635人，按性别和年龄分组，60～64岁组共有327人，其中男性有111人，女性有216人；……