唐志勇 苏强 杨思芸

[摘要] 目的 分析南充市中心医院（以下简称“我院”）2018年药品不良反应（ADR）的发生规律及特点，探讨ADR发生的可能原因及影响因素，促进临床合理用药及确保患者用药安全。 方法 从国家ADR监测网络系统收集并整理我院2018年1～12月上报的249例ADR报告进行回顾性统计分析。 结果 249例ADR报告中，男性（52.61%）比例略高于女性（47.39%）;>60～80岁的ADR例数最多，占比为44.57%;最多的反应类型为“一般的ADR”，占比为50.21%;抗肿瘤药物引起的ADR居首位，占比为35.79%，其次为抗感染药物引起的ADR，占比为30.53%;注射剂引发的ADR所占比例最大，为67.22%;循环系统损害是在ADR中最为常见的临床表现，占比为36.65%;发生ADR后患者好转及痊愈的比例总共占99.60%。 结论 临床应重视ADR监测工作，加强用药管理，建立完善的用药监督体系。在临床用药中，应加强对老年患者的监控，尽量减少注射剂型药品的使用，做到能口服则不静脉用药。在静脉给药过程中，要密切关注患者的临床症状，确保患者的用药安全。

[关键词] 药品不良反应;监测;回顾性统计分析;合理用药

[中图分类号] R969.3          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2020）07（a）-0147-04

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） of Nanchong Central Hospital （“our hospital” for short） in 2018 to explore the possible causes and influencing factors of ADR， in order to promote clinical rational drug use and make sure the safe in patient. Methods A retrospective statistical analysis was performed on 249 ADR reports submitted by our hospital from January to December 2018， which were collected from the national ADR monitoring system network. Results In 249 ADR reports， the proportion of males （52.61%） was slightly higher than that of females （47.39%）. The number of ADR patients over 60-80 years old was the most， accounting for 44.57%. The most common reaction type was “general ADR”， accounting for 50.21%. ADR caused by anti-tumor drugs was the first， accounting for 35.79%， followed by the ADR caused by anti infective drugs， accounting for 30.53%. Injection induced ADR accounted for 67.22% of the total. Circulatory system damage was the most common clinical manifestation in ADR， accounting for 36.65%. 99.60% of the patients were improved and recovered after ADR. Conclusion Clinical attention should be paid to the monitor of ADR， strengthening drug administration and establish a perfect medication supervision system. In clinical medication， we should strengthen the monitoring of the elderly patients， and try to reduce the use of injection drugs， so that we can take orally without intravenous medication. In the process of intravenous administration， we should pay close attention to the clinical symptoms of patients to ensure the safety of patients.

[Key words] Adverse drug reactions; Monitoring; Retrospectively statistical analysis; Rational drug use

藥品不良反应（ADR）是指将合格的药品用于预防、诊断、治疗疾病时，在正确的用法用量下出现的与用药目的无关的有害反应[1]。在国际上早期出现的赫赫有名的沙利度胺（反应停）事件以及90年代我国出现的氨基糖苷类药物致耳聋事件等都在警示我们ADR监测工作是关系到人类用药安全的一个重要内容。自2011年7月1日《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》在我国正式实施，ADR监测工作逐渐深入开展并受到日益重视[2]。目……