郭洋村 周利华 王维利

[摘要] 目的 调查临床专科护士情绪智力、共情与支持性沟通的现状，并分析三者之间的关系。 方法 采用方便抽样法，选取2018年7～9月安徽医科大学第一附属医院及中国科学技术大学附属第一医院的临床专科护士410名为研究对象，运用一般资料问卷、情绪智力量表、人际反应指针问卷与支持性沟通量表进行调查。 结果 最终回收382份，有效回收率为93.2%。临床专科护士情绪智力、共情、支持性沟通总分分别为（82.63±11.76）、（46.00±9.13）、（70.64±5.64）分;观点采择、同情关心、自我情绪监测、情绪运用、情绪调节均与支持性沟通呈正相关（r = 0.331、0.139、0.337、0.344、0.256，P < 0.01）;个人痛苦与支持性沟通呈负相关（r = -0.012，P < 0.01）;共情在情绪智力与支持性沟通之间起部分中介作用。 结论 情绪智力与共情是临床专科护士支持性沟通的重要影响因素，管理者及临床专科护士应当注重提高护士的情绪智力与共情，使护士更加高效地为患者提供优质的护理。

[关键词] 临床专科护士;情绪智力;共情;支持性沟通

[中图分类号] R47-4          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2020）07（a）-0186-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the current situation of emotional intelligence， empathy and supportive communication among clinical nurses and analyze the relationship among them. Methods Convenience sampling was sued， from July to September 2018， 410 nurses from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China were selected as the study subjects， general information questionnaire， emotional intelligence scale， interpersonal response indicator questionnaire and supportive communication scale were used to investigate. Results Finally， 382 copies were recovered with an effective recovery rate of 93.2%. The total scores of emotional intelligence， empathy and supportive communication were （82.63±11.76）， （46.00±9.13） points and （70.64±5.64） points， respectively. Opinion selection， sympathy and care， self-emotional monitoring， emotional application and emotional regulation were positively correlated with supportive communication （r = 0.331， 0.139， 0.337， 0.344， 0.256， P < 0.01）. Personal distress was negatively correlated with supportive communication （r = -0.012， P < 0.01）. Empathy was a mediator between emotional intelligence and supportive communication. Conclusion Emotional intelligence and empathy are important factors influencing the supportive communication of clinical nurses. Managers and clinical nurses should pay attention to improving the emotional intelligence and empathy of nurses， so that nurses can provide quality care to patients more efficiently.

[Key words] Clinical specialized nurses; Emotional intelligence; Empathy; Supportive communication

臨床专科护士是指在临床护理领域中具有丰富的临床经验与知识，可直接提供高质量护理服务的护士[1-2]。临床专科护士不仅需要丰富的理论知识、娴熟的操作技能[3]，也需要有较高水平的人际沟通能力[4]。支持性沟通有助于了解患者的身心状况，促进护患之间的理解与支持[5]。情绪智力是指个体适应性的知觉、理解、调节自己与他人的情绪以及利用情绪解决问题的能力[6-8]。共情是一种感情的投射，共情能力高的护士能够真诚地感知对方的情感和处境[9]。目前，关于临床专科护士情绪智力、共情与支持性沟通的研究较少。本研究旨在调查临床专科护士情绪智力、共情与支持性沟通的现状，分析三者之间的关系，从而为提高临床专科护士的支持性沟通能力提供相关参考。……