裂解炉超高压蒸汽管线焊口开裂原因分析及对策
2020-08-24孙博刘国刚于明杨会刚赵林杨培君
孙博 刘国刚 于明 杨会刚 赵林 杨培君



摘 要: 高压、超高压蒸汽管线是乙烯装置中常见的工艺管道,具有材质特殊、焊接要求高、焊接难度大等特点,它的焊接质量对生产的安全运行起着非常关键的作用。本文通过宏观形貌检测、材质分析、硬度检测、电镜分析等方法,对某80万t/a乙烯装置超高压蒸汽管线变径管处焊口开裂进行了分析研究。结果表明:开裂焊缝的热影响区硬度较高及熔合区存在的微观焊接缺陷造成焊接接头处的脆化,在热应力的作用下发生了脆性断裂。最后,针对上述情况提出相应的解决措施。
关 键 词: 蒸汽管线;材质;焊接;硬度
中图分类号:TQ221.21+1 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)06-1249-04
Reason Analysis and Countermeasures of Cracking of Welding Joint of Ultra-high Pressure Steam Pipeline in Cracking Furnace
SUN Bo, LIU Guo-gang, YU Ming, YANG Hui-gang, ZHAO Lin, YANG Pei-jun
(Fushun Petrochemical Company Olefin Plant, Fushun Liaoning 113000, China)
Abstract: High-pressure and ultra-high pressure steam pipelines are common process pipes in ethylene plants. They have special materials, high welding requirements and high welding difficulty. Their welding quality plays a very key role in the safe operation of production. In this paper, the crack of the welding joint of the stepped pipe of ultra-high pressure steam pipeline in a 800 kt/a ethylene plant was investigated and analyzed by macroscopic morphology, material analysis, hardness test, electron microscope analysis. The results showed that the high hardness in the heat impact zone and the defect in the weld zone caused the brittle joint, and the brittle fracture occurred under the heat stress. At last, corresponding solutions for the above problems were put forward.
Key words: Steam line; Material; Welding; Hardness
采用美國斯通韦伯斯特S&W公司专利技术的某80万t/a乙烯装置,锅炉给水是在经过裂解炉的对流段省煤器预热后送入汽包,锅炉给水通过热虹吸作用,从汽包下部接口管线进入废热锅炉进行加热,吸收热量汽化后回到汽包,饱和高压蒸汽经汽包上方管道到达SS蒸汽过热模块再次过热,形成温度为520 ℃、压力为12 MPa的超高压蒸汽SS,输送到SS管网,供给裂解气压缩机使用。SS系统已使用7年,之前从未出现任何异常问题。
2019年8月某日,在1#炉4层平台有泄漏声响,检查确认为SS管线泄漏,发现位于SS对流段出口12"集合管与到SS并网阀管线的变径连接焊缝熔合区位置,沿焊缝边缘出现大约150 mm成直线形状的脆性断裂裂纹,如图1所示。
查阅该焊道历史资料,焊道为异种钢焊接。SS蒸汽过热模块出口集合管为12"管线,材质为SA312 TP347H,壁厚为25.4 mm。……
