重质油催化裂解制轻烯烃技术及催化剂研究进展
2020-08-24唐勖尧王拴紧肖敏
唐勖尧 王拴紧 肖敏



摘 要:乙烯和丙烯的生产在全世界都受到广泛的重视,是现今社会非常重要的基本有机化工原料。主要针对如何提高丙烯产率,介绍了催化裂解制轻烯烃技术的反应机理,总结了国内外发展的催化裂解技术及催化剂研究进展。由于现今加工重质油比重增加,所产原油日趋变重,轻质燃料油需求日益增长,导致轻质裂解原料更趋紧张,并且尽管轻烃裂解生产乙烯的成本最低,但丙烯的产量较少。因此,积极推广重质原料制丙烯技术,同时开发新工艺路线和新型催化剂,是努力实现我国丙烯产业可持续发展的基本思路。
关 键 词:乙烯;丙烯;催化裂解;催化剂;重质油
中图分类号:TQ 426 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)04-0620-06
Abstract: As very important basic organic chemical raw materials in today's society, ethylene and propylene have received extensive attention all over the world. In this paper, catalytic pyrolysis reaction mechanism for light olefins production was introduced, and research progress of catalytic pyrolysis technology and its catalysts at home and abroad were summarized. Because of the increasing of the proportion of heavy oil, the crude oil becomes heavier and heavier. However,the demand for light fuel oil keeps continuously growing, so light cracking raw material is in short supply. Although the cost of light hydrocarbon pyrolyzing into ethylene is the lowest, the yield of propylene is very low. In this sense, the technology to produce more ethylene and propylene directly from heavy oil becomes more and more important for both polyolefins and petroleum refining industry, including the effective catalysts and related technologies.
Key words: Ethylene; Propylene; Catalytic pyrolysis; Catalyst; Heavy oil
乙烯、丙烯、丁烯和丁二烯等低碳烯烃都是非常基本的化工原料,特别是乙烯和丙烯的生产能力,常常被视为一个国家和地区石油化工发展水平的标志,被誉为现代化学工业的基石。半个世纪以来,随着石化工业的快速发展,世界范围内对低碳烯烃,特别是乙烯、丙烯的市场需求,持续地快速增長[1]。
据中国报告网2018年发布的全球乙、丙烯产能报告,截至2017年底,全球乙烯生产能力达到17 052万t的新纪录,产量高达15 197万t,而丙烯产能略低其后,为13 000万t,产量为乙烯产量的三分之二,达到10 900万t。然而全球产量如此之高,我国乙烯丙烯的产量却有些供己不足,乙烯和丙烯的自给率只有64%和77%[2],仍有近三分之一的部分需要进口。因此,伴随着低碳烯烃需求量的日益增长及应用领域的不断拓宽,探索新的轻烯烃生产工艺,提高轻烯烃产量已成为迫切需要解决的课题。……
