铝-空气电池阴极催化剂的研究进展
2020-08-24陈辉刘淑芝刘先军
陈辉 刘淑芝 刘先军
摘 要: 铝-空气电池是一种高容量密度的金属空气电池,其以低成本,高回收和无污染等特点而成为近年来关注的热点,也是发展绿色清洁能源的重要产业方向,但由于铝空气电池大规模开发的一些技术和科学问题尚未得到解决,从而严重制约了铝-空气电池的产业化进程。简要介绍了空气阴极的反应机理及其用于氧还原反应的电催化材料,包括贵金属催化剂,非贵金属催化剂和含碳材料等,并进一步对阴极催化剂未来研究的方向进行了分析和展望。
关 键 词:铝-空气电池;催化剂;空气阴极
中图分类号:TQ 152 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2020)04-0743-04
Abstract: Aluminum-air battery is a kind of metal air battery with high energy density, which has become a hot spot in recent years due to its low cost, high recovery and pollution-free characteristics. It is also an important industrial direction for developing green clean energy. However, some technical and scientific problems of large-scale development of aluminum-air battery have not been solved, which seriously restricts the industrialization process of aluminum-air battery. In this paper, the reaction mechanism of air cathode and its electro-catalytic materials for oxygen reduction reaction, including noble metal catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts and carbon-containing materials, were briefly introduced, and the future research of cathode catalysts were analyzed and prospected.
Key words: Aluminum-air battery; Catalyst; Air cathode
目前随着移动电子设备和电动汽车等领域的迅速发展,锂离子电池已经难以满足其大容量的需求,特别是对能源依赖性很强的动力电池体系[1]。寻找安全、高效、可持续存储能量和能大规模应用储能设备显得格外重要。铝-空气电池不仅具有较高的理论电压值,而且可以在露天环境下制备和使用,其容量密度也是继锂之后第二高的活性金属[2,3]。同时,铝的储量丰富,廉价,环保且可回收性,被称为“面向 21 世纪的绿色能源”[4,5]。经过漫长的研究历程,铝-空气电池已经取得了一系列研究成果,但如何提高电池的阴极反应效率仍是主要难题之一。为了有效降低阴极反应过程中的电化學极化,寻找高性价比的阴极催化剂已成为铝-空气电池研究的热点之一。本文将对不同催化剂体系下铝-空气电池的国内外研究进展情况进行较为全面的综述。……
