煤化工含盐废水近零排放的预处理研究
2020-08-24陈明翔刘凤洋武斌斌
陈明翔 刘凤洋 武斌斌



摘 要:研究了化学沉淀法对不同煤化工企业含盐废水的除硬预处理效果。研究发现,900 mg/L的NaOH可将废水(一)的出水总硬和钙硬分别控制到100 mg/L和25 mg/L,去除率分别为90.9%和96.4%;500mg/L的NaOH或者500 mg/L的Ca(OH)2都能够将废水(二)的出水总硬和钙硬分别控制在150 mg/L和60 mg/L以下,去除率分别高于80.0%和88.0%;但是,在废水(三)的研究中发现,在碱度足够的情况下,1 400 mg/L以下的NaOH或700 mg/L以下的Ca(OH)2都无法起到软化的效果,只有在pH大于12的情况下,外加700 mg/L的Ca(OH)2和600 mg/L的Na2CO3或者外加200 mg/L的MgCl2·6H2O和400 mg/L的Ca(OH)2,可以將出水总硬维持在150 mg/L以下。
关 键 词:煤化工;含盐废水;近零排放;除硬
中图分类号:X703 文献标识码: 文章编号:1671-0460(2020)04-0611-05
Abstract: The effect of hardness removal pretreatment for salt-containing wastewater from different coal chemical plants was studied. The results showed that, the total hardness and calcium hardness of the effluent were respectively 100 mg/L and 25 mg/L by adding 900 mg/L NaOH to No.1 wastewater, and the removal efficiencies were 90.9% and 96.4%, respectively. The total hardness and calcium hardness of the effluent were respectively maintained below 150 mg/L and 60 mg/L by adding either 500 mg/L NaOH or 500 mg/L Ca(OH)2 to No.2 wastewater, and the removal efficiencies were above 80.0% and 88.0%, respectively. However, even if the alkalinity was sufficient, NaOH below 1 400 mg/L or Ca(OH)2 below 7 00mg/L could not remove the hardness of No.3 wastewater. Only when the pH was greater than 12, the total hardness of effluent was lower than 150 mg/L by adding 700 mg/L Ca(OH)2 and 600 mg/L Na2CO3, or adding 200 mg/L MgCl2·6H2O and 400 mg/L Ca(OH)2 to No.3 wastewater.
Key words: Coal chemical industry; Salt-containing wastewater; Near-zero discharge; Hardness removal
煤化工项目耗水量巨大,而我国的煤化工项目多建设在水资源相对短缺的区域。因此,最大程度利用煤化工的工业水资源,实现煤化工废水近零排放具有非常重要的意义[1]。通常情况下,煤化工含盐废水由生化单元出水、循环水排污水、和化学水处理废水组成,其水质特征通常为:硬度、碱度、盐度较高(TDS在600~6 000 mg/L),而化学需氧量(COD)较低。但是,不同煤化工企业产生的废水水质相差较大,含盐废水中各组成单元产生的废水水量也不同,造成了不同煤化工企业的含盐废水中化学成分相差很大[2-4]。
目前已经运行和正在设计的煤化工含盐废水近零排放处理过程主要包括预处理、含盐水处理、浓盐水处理和蒸发结晶。作为煤化工含盐废水近零排放处理工艺中的主要单元,预处理单元直接关系到后续单元运行的稳定性。预处理单元主要采取化学沉淀、物理截留、吸附分离等方式来脱除废水中的钙镁结垢离子。……
