范琦琦 张雪 高梦迪

摘      要：研究了鬼针草不同提取部位对实验性高脂血症小鼠的影响，结合指纹图谱，优选出鬼针草降血脂最佳提取部位。选用SPF级昆明小鼠140只，随机选取20只作为基础对照组，饲以普通饲料，其余小鼠饲以高脂饲料进行造模，造模成功后，随机分为6组：模型对照组、洛伐他汀对照组、鬼针草石油醚萃取物组、鬼针草氯仿萃取物组、鬼针草乙酸乙酯萃取物组和鬼针草正丁醇萃取物组， 分别给予对应萃取部位药物。基础对照组和模型对照组每日给予等体积的生理盐水，连续30 d，检测血清TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C含量，确定降血脂最佳有效部位。结果与模型对照组比较，乙酸乙酯萃取物组和正丁醇萃取物组TC和LDL-C显著降低（P<0.01），HDL-C明显提高（P<0.05）。鬼针草乙酸乙酯部位萃取物和正丁醇部位萃取物对降低TC和LDL-C水平、升高HDL-C水平有较好的作用，有效改善血脂水平。

关  键  词：鬼针草;萃取物;高脂血症;TC;TG;HDL-C; LDL-C; HPLC

中图分类号：R284.2      文献标识码： A       文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）02-0581-04

Abstract： To study the effect of different extracts of Bidens on experimental hyperlipidemic mice， combined fingerprint， the best extracted parts of Bidens to reduce blood lipid were optimized. 140 SPF Kunming mice were chosen， and then 20 mice among them were randomly selected as the base control group， which were fed with ordinary feed， and other mice were fed with high-fat feed to build the model. After building the model successfully， they were randomly divided into six groups：model control group，lovastatin control group，bidens petroleum ether extract group，bidens chloroform extract group，bidens ethyl acetate extract group and bidens n-butanol extract group，given corresponding extract of Bidens.The base control group and the model control group were given the same volume of normal saline every day for 30 days，and the contents of serum TC，TG，HDL-C and LDL-C were detected， then the most effective part to reduce blood lipid was determined. Compared with model control group，TC and LDL-C were significantly decreased while HDL-C was significantly increased in bidens ethyl acetate extract group and bidens n-butanol extract group.The ethyl acetate extract and the n-butanol extract have good effect on lowering the levels of TC and LDL-C  and increasing the level of HDL-C，effectively improving blood lipid levels.

Key words： Bidens; Extracts; Hyperlipidemia; TC; TG; LDL-C; HDL-C; HPLC

近年來，高脂血症的发病率呈上升趋势。高脂血症是由于多种内外因素导致的人体内脂肪代谢或转运异常的代谢性疾病，是引起心脑血管疾病的首要缘由[1]。目前治疗高血脂的西药主要是他汀类药物，为有效控制高血脂症患者的血脂指标，降低心脑血管事件的发生率，研究和开发中草药作为降脂药物成为治疗高脂血症的一个研究方向。尤其根据活性组分导向原则将中药材制备成不同的提取部位，更有利于多靶点作用的实现，是中草药作为治疗高脂血症药物的优点。

中药鬼针草为鬼针草属植物（Bidens）的干燥全草，为菊科一年生草本植物，味苦，性平，归肝、肺、大肠经，具有清热解毒、散瘀消肿等功效[2]。……