李思敏 赵阳悦 唐锋兵

摘      要：以冀南地区某污水处理厂脱水污泥为原料，选用菌菇渣和玉米秸秆为辅料，按照不同比例混合后进行好氧堆肥。通过对温度、氧气百分含量、含水率、pH值、有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮等多项指标进行测定，考察不同辅料配比对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明，堆肥48 d之后4个堆体的温度在55 ℃以上的天数分别为6、9、8、5 d，均达到了国家无害化卫生标准，且均对植物的生长完全没有毒性（GI>80%），其中以堆体C效果最优。通过对辅料含量和多项指标进行相关性分析可知，辅料含量和含水率呈显著负相关（P<0.05），和有机质呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。辅料含量的增加导致含水率和有机质呈明显下降趋势，硝态氮因铵态氮快速被硝化呈上升趋势，适当增加辅料有助于堆体的腐熟。

关  键  词：市政污泥;好氧堆肥;辅料配比

中图分类号： X705        文献标识码： A      文章编号： 1671-0460（2020）04-0564-04

Abstract： Taking the dewatered sludge of a sewage treatment plant in Southern Hebei as raw material， the mushroom residue and straw as additives， they were mixed in different proportions for aerobic composting. Through the determination of temperature， oxygen percentage， water content， pH value， organic matter， ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen and other indicators， the influence of different additives ratio on composting effect was investigated. The results showed that the time when the temperature of the four piles was above 55℃ after composting for 48 d was 6，9，8 and 5 d， respectively， which met the national sanitization standard. All the four piles were completely non-toxic to plant growth （GI>80%）， and the effect of the pile C was optimal. Correlation analysis of additive content and multiple indicators showed that there was a significant negative correlation between additive content and water content （P<0.05）， and a significant negative correlation between additive content and organic matter （P<0.01）. The increase of additive content led to a significant downward trend in water content and organic matter. Nitrate nitrogen rapidly increased because ammonium nitrogen was rapidly nitrated， and the appropriate addition of additives contributed to the maturity of the pile.

Key words： Municipal sludge; Aerobic composting; Additive ratio

近年來，随着经济和城镇化进程的迅速发展，城市污水处理量和处理深度的日益增加必然产生大量污泥，如何妥善处置这些剩余污泥，制约着污水处理行业的持续发展。污水处理的主要副产物污泥中含有大量有机物、营养元素及植物必须微量元素等[1]，若进行适当的加工和综合利用会产生很大的资源化潜力。但同时具有的细菌、病毒、重金属和寄生虫卵等有害物质容易腐化发臭污染环境[2]。污泥堆肥技术已成为污泥资源化的重要绿色途径和研究方向。

目前，秸秆、木屑、锯末和堆肥返料等常用作堆肥调理剂，不同物理化学特性的辅料在污泥堆肥中所起的作用不同。中国作为农业大国，每年产生的秸秆和菌菇渣占农业废弃物的相当大一部分，秸秆的大量焚烧和菌菇渣的任意堆积都会造成资源的浪费。如果……