张杰 韩庆福 邸广强 丁自伟 杨敬轩 唐青豹 贾金兑

摘 要：深孔预裂爆破技术是巷道开展切顶卸压进行围岩灾害控制的重要手段，爆破参数的合理设计对于取得良好的预裂效果至关重要，以桑树坪二号井3309工作面运输平巷坚硬老顶为研究对象，基于对老顶深孔预裂爆破机制理论研究，通过经验公式计算求解，结合现场深孔爆破试验及爆后孔壁窥视结果分析，最终通过一系列试验确定爆破参数设计孔径为75 mm，深度为15 m，装药长度为2 m（质量6.8 kg），封孔长度为10 m，炮眼间距为0.6 m，单次循环爆破6个炮眼时，炸药爆破能量利用率更高，可在相邻空孔孔壁观察到明显的变形破坏、形成贯穿性裂隙等，预裂效果基本满足巷道顶板超前卸压工程实施需求。研究结果表明：顶板深孔预裂爆破裂隙区相互贯通时可取得最佳的预裂效果，试验中选取装药量越大，炮眼间距越小，导向空孔布置合理，则爆破预裂效果愈加明显。研究成果可为类似条件下坚硬老顶深孔预裂爆破技术研究提供参考依据。

关键词：深孔预裂爆破;爆破参数设计;钻孔窥视;裂隙区;三软煤层;坚硬老顶

中图分类号：TU 7

文獻标志码：A

文章编号：1672-9315（2020）06-0988-08

DOI：10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2020.0608开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Experimental on deep hole pre-splitting blasting

of main roof in three-soft coal seam

ZHANG Jie1，HAN Qing-fu1，DI Guang-qiang1，DING Zi-wei2，3，

YANG Jing-xuan4，TANG Qing-bao2，3，JIA Jin-dui2，3

（1.Shaanxi Shanmei Hancheng Mining Co.，Ltd.，Hancheng 715400，China;

2.College of Energy Science and Engineering，Xian University of Science and Technology，Xian 710054，China;

3.

Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention，Ministry of Education，

Xian University of Science and Technology，Xian 710054，China;

4.School of Mines，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221116，China）

Abstract：The determination of reasonable blasting pre-splitting parameters is of great significance to the safety control of the surrounding rock of the roadway. In order to explore the design parameters of the deep-hole pre-splitting blasting to meet the pressure relief requirements of the roadway roof in advance，the 3309 working face of Sangshuping No.2 Well of Hancheng Mining is taken as an example. Based on the theoretical study of the hard roof deep hole pre-splitting blasting mechanism，the calculation through empirical formulas has been made，combined with the on-site deep hole blasting test and the analysis of the hole wall peeping results after the blasting，and finally the test blasting parameter design is determined：the hole diameter is 75 mm，the depth is 15 m，the charge is 2 m（weight 6.8 kg），the sealing length is 10 m，the blasthole spacing is 0.6 m，and when 6 blastholes are blasted in a single cycle，the explosive blasting energy utilization rate is higher，which can be observed on the adjacent hole wall obvious deformation and destruction，formation of penetrating cracks，etc.，basically meeting the implementation requirements of the roadway roof advanced pressure relief project.The research results show that the best blasting effect can be obtained when the blast hole blasting gap area intersects with each other during the roof deep hole pre-splitting blasting. The larger the charge selected during blasting，the smaller the blasthole spacing，and the more reasonable layout of the guiding holes，

the more obvious the effect of hole pre-splitting blasting becomes.The research results can provide a reference for the research of deep hole pre-splitting blasting technology for hard old roofs under similar conditions.

Key words：deep hole pre-splitting blasting;blasting parameters design;drill hole peeking;fissure area;three-soft coal seam;main roof

韩城矿区桑树坪二号井主采3#煤层，煤层平均厚度为5.78 m，煤层硬度系数为0.3～0.8，为典型的“三软煤层”。煤层强度较低，老顶岩层赋存完整、岩体强度较高，工作面回采后易在采空区内形成较大范围老顶悬顶[1]，综放开采条件下区段煤柱近采空区侧坚硬老顶悬而不垮，往往会引起巷道近采空区侧围岩承受悬顶载荷明显增加，使得巷道煤柱及底板发生大范围破坏等，严重制约矿井安全高效生产。……