魏静 刘金圣

摘要：本文选取了几个不同类型的对环境空气颗粒物进行连续监测的仪器，通过获得的检测数据和手工方法监测的数据进行对比，并将数据对比结果进行分析。在从标准偏差、数据相关性、误差相对值等几个方面开展分析后，得出结论：同一类别的自动检測设备监测出的数据具有较好的相关性，不同类型的自动监测仪器监测出的数据具有一定差异性。两种方式监测出的PM2.5含量监测值具有一定规律性，手工监测与自动设备监测的数值在不同程度污染情况下具有相似的变化趋势。这就表明，自动监测设备对环境空气颗粒物的监测值较为可靠，可以利用监测值为天气变化趋势进行提前预警，为环境形势变化提供数据支撑。

关键词：PM2.5;手工监测;自动设备监测

Abstract：This article selected several different types of instruments for continuous monitoring of ambient air particulate matter， and by compare of the obtained detection data with the data monitored by manual methods， and at the same time analyzed the results of the data comparison. After carrying out analysis from several aspects such as standard deviation， data correlation， relative error value，the conclusion was drawn： the data monitored by the same type of automatic detection equipment had good correlation， and the data monitored by different types of automatic monitoring instruments had certain differences.The PM2.5 content monitoring value monitored by the two methods had certain regularity， and the value monitored by manual monitoring and automatic equipment had similar trends under different levels of pollution. This showed that the automatic monitoring equipment was more reliable in monitoring the ambient air particulate matter， which could use the monitoring value to provide early warning of weather changes and to provide data support for changes in the environmental situation.

Key words： PM2.5;Manual monitoring;Automatic equipment monitoring

1 实验背景

随着大气环境的不断变化，颗粒物成为我国大多数地区的首要空气污染物，城市大气污染已经由SO2气态污染类型演变成以颗粒物和臭氧为主要成分的固气混合污染类型，属于典型的二次污染[1]。自新的《环境空气质量标准》出台以来，PM2.5便被纳入空气质量控制范围。PM2.5数据来源为遍布各地的环境监测点自动监测数值，通过自动监测设备获取监测数值并向社会进行监测结果公布。有别于以二氧化硫为代表的气态污染物来源于特定标准物质、容易进行来源校准的特点，PM2.5成分比较复杂，由于不同监测点使用的自动监测设备型号不同，难以保障监测数据的准确性和完整性。……