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医学人类学角度探究灵媒信仰的人文临床应用价值

2020-08-10贾国舒张云露梁毅

中国民族民间医药·上半月 2020年5期

贾国舒 张云露 梁毅

【摘 要】 目的:通过民间宗教中人们对灵媒所通神圣对象的崇拜认同现象,探究灵媒治疗中俗民大众的本土情怀与其疾病健康观念的联系。方法:文献资料研究、问卷访谈,以及对江苏南通兴仁镇固有的灵媒“过堂”活动进行田野调查。结果:灵媒通过“过堂”的形式为病患诊验疾病,通过仪式与“仙丹仙药”结合治疗当地人遷延不愈的疾病或精神不振症状。结论:灵媒治疗中体现的交感观念目前仍不得证,但从医学人类学角度而言,其治疗过程中体现出的人文临床方法具有重要的研究价值。

【关键词】 灵媒信仰;民俗医疗;人文临床;本土情怀

【中图分类号】R29   【文献标志码】 A    【文章编号】1007-8517(2020)9-0005-06

To Explore the Humanistic Clinical Application of Psychic Belief from the Perspective of Medical Anthropology

JIA Guoshu, ZHANG Yunlu

China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210000,China

Abstract:ObjectiveBased on the phenomenon of people's worship of the sacred deities represented by the psychic in the folk religions, this article explores the connection between the the mood of provincialism in the treatment of psychic mediums and locals concept of disease and health.MethodsLiterature research, questionnaire interview, and field investigation of the psychic "Guo Tang"(“过堂”) activities in Xingren town, Nantong city, Jiangsu Province.ResultsThere is an inherent culture of psychic therapy-spiritual mediums diagnose patients' diseases in the form of "Guo Tang"(“过堂”), and treat local people's persistent diseases or mental symptoms through the combination of rituals and secrete recipe.ConclusionThe sympathetic concept embodied in psychic therapy is still unproven, but from the perspective of medical anthropology, the humanistic clinical method embodied in the treatment process has important research value.

Keywords:Psychic Belief;Folkloric Medical Treatment;Humanistic Clinical Method;Mood of Provincialism

至今为止灵媒信仰在我国的各个省份仍广泛存在,而灵媒所展现的宗教疗愈职能与医学人类学学科所倡导的“生物-文化”整体医疗观念不谋而合。而目前相关领域的学术研究还相对缺乏。有鉴于此,本文通过一项田野调研对于灵媒文化的人文临床指导意义做出说明。

1 “灵媒”文化的背景信仰

1.1 灵媒之含义与相关研究 灵媒是自称能够通过无形的灵魂世界[1](亡魂或有一定威望的神灵)收集信息的中介人,从信众角度而言为民间神职人员。在有诉求人士(某些地区或称“香客”)与神灵之间作为桥梁互通信息,形成“香客-灵媒-神灵”的闭环结构,而维系着当地的灵媒信仰体系。

各个地区的灵媒称谓也迥然不同——有活跃于闽、粤、台及东南亚一带……

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