永久性结肠造口患者病耻感调查及积极心理干预效果研究
2020-08-09伍园园李丹马梦玲龚妮
伍园园 李丹 马梦玲 龚妮



[摘要] 目的 探究永久性结肠造口患者病耻感调查及积极心理干预效果研究。方法 方便选取2018年1月—2019年12月中南大学湘雅三医院胃肠外科收治的169例永久性结肠造口患者进行病耻感调查,将其中40例处于中重度病耻感水平的结肠造口患者分为干预组(积极心理干预)和对照组(常规护理)各20例,分组方法为随机数字表法,探讨积极心理干预方法干预效果。结果 研究对象在总有效率上进行对比,干预组(95.00%)显著比对照组(70.00%)高(χ2=4.329,P<0.05),干预组干预2周、4周后的修正版社会影响量表评分均显著比对照组低(t=4.100、5.364,P<0.05),而在OAI-20上,干预组干预2周、4周后显著比对照组高(t=6.290、4.012,P<0.05)。结论 将积极心理干预应用于存在病耻感的永久性结肠造口患者后,可显著改善患者心理状态,帮助患者构建正确的身心健康模式。
[关键词] 病耻感;永久性結肠造口;心理干预;效果
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the stigma of patients with permanent colostomy and the effect of positive psychological intervention. Methods Convenient select from January 2018 to December 2019, 169 patients with permanent colostomy who were treated in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were investigated for stigma. Forty patients with moderate or severe colostomy were divided into interventions. There were 20 cases in each group (positive psychological intervention) and the control group (routine nursing). The grouping method was random number table method, and the effect of positive psychological intervention methods was discussed. Results The study subjects were compared in the total effective rate. The intervention group (95.00%) was significantly higher than the control group (70.00%) (χ2=4.329, P<0.05). The intervention group's revised social impact scale scores were significantly lower than those in the control group after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention (t=4.100, 5.364, P<0.05), but on OAI-20, the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention (t=6.290, 4.012, P<0.05). Conclusion The application of positive psychological intervention to patients with permanent colostomy who have a sense of stigma can significantly improve the patient's psychological state and help patients build the correct physical and mental health model.
[Key words] Stigma; Permanent colostomy; Psychological intervention; Effect
结肠造口术是外科手术最常施行的术式之一,在世界各地都得到广泛应用[1]。结肠造口是由于治疗的需要将近端固定于腹壁外,粪便由此排出体外又称为“人工肛门”。由于肠造口改变了患者原有的排泄方式,将粪便的正常出口由隐蔽的会阴移到腹壁,使患者承受了巨大的心理压力,一些患者的生活质量因此而下降,对患者心理造成巨大的影响[2-3]。腹腔镜下直肠癌术后,患者生存期可有效延长,5年内生存率较高,但是术后永久结肠造口护理及患者自我管理较为棘手,若不及时采取针对性的护理支持,极有可能导致留下排泄隐患,必须根据患者情况制定有效的护理措施[4]。术后永久结肠造口患者可出现生理和心理等各方面的问题,单纯生理护理不能满足患者,患者负性情绪等问题无法解决,因此需根据患者情况采取个体化针对性护理[5-6]。该研究于2018年1月—2019年12月对中南大学湘雅三医院胃肠外科收治的169例永久性结肠造口患者进行病耻感调查,采取积极心理干预,现报道如下。……
