许璐 喻毅 曹宇 李瑶 谢艳华 李捷 王四旺

摘要  目的：比較牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚和对伞花烃对6株标准菌的抑菌效果。方法：采用滤纸片法以及试管二倍稀释法，以头孢曲松钠和氟康唑作为阳性对照，分别采用牛至油、香芹酚、百里香素、对伞花烃对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、葡萄牙念珠菌进行体外抑菌实验，测定抑菌圈的大小，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）以及最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。评价各试药的抑菌效果。结果：牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚对不同标准菌株均有明显抑菌效果;滤纸片法显示牛至油、香芹酚、百里香酚对选定的6株菌株皆高度敏感，对伞花烃对其菌株耐药。试管二倍稀释法结果表明，牛至油、香芹酚抑菌效果稍强于百里香酚，但这3种植物挥发油对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果与其他菌株相比较弱。结论：牛至油、香芹酚和百里香酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、葡萄牙念珠菌具有显著体外抑菌作用。

关键词  牛至油;香芹酚;百里香素;植物精油;试管二倍稀释法;最小抑菌浓度;最小杀菌浓度;抑菌作用

Experimental Study on Antibacterial Activity of Oregano Oil and Its Main Components in Vitro

XU Lu1，YU Yi2，CAO Yu 1，LI Yao3，XIE Yanhua3，LI Jie1，WANG Siwang3

（1 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Pharmacy，School of Pharmacy，Air Force Military Medical University，Xi′an 710032，China; 2 Unit 66295，Songlindian town，Zhuozhou city，Zhuozhou 072761，China; 3 Department of Life Science and Medicine，Northwest University，Xi′an 710069，China）

Abstract Objective： To compare the antibacterial effects of oregano oil，carvacrol，thymol and para-cymene on 6 standard strains. Methods： The filter paper method and the tube double dilution method were used.Ceftriaxone sodium and fluconazole were used as positive controls.Oregano oil，carvacrol，thyme，p-cymene against Staphylococcus aureus，Klebsiella pneumoniae，Enterococcus faecalis，Escherichia coli，Pseudomonas aeruginosa，Candida portuguese in vitro antibacterial experiment were used to determine the size of the inhibition zone，the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and the minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）.The antibacterial effects of each test drug were evaluated. Results： Oregano oil，carvacrol，thymol had antibacterial effects on different standard strains.The filter paper method showed that oregano oil，carvacrol and thymol were highly sensitive to the 6 selected strains.Para-cymene is resistant to these standard strains.The tube double dilution method showed that the antibacterial effects of oregano oil and carvacrol were slightly stronger than thymol，but the antibacterial effects of this 3 essential oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were weaker than other strains. Conclusion： Oregano oil，carvacrol and thymol have strong antibacterial activity against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus，Klebsiella pneumoniae，Enterococcus faecalis，Escherichia coli，Pseudomonas aeruginosa，Candida albicans.

Keywords  Oregano oil; Carvacrol; Thymol; Essential Oil; Tube double dilution method; Minimum inhibitory concentrations; Minimum bactericidal concentration; Antibacterial effects

中图分类号：R284 文献标识码：A  doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.14.010

牛至也被稱为土香薰，土茵陈，原名小叶野薄荷，为唇形科牛至属的多年生草本植物，载于《植物名实图考》，具有解表，理气，化湿，利水的作用[1]。牛至油是从牛至中提取出的淡黄色具有挥发性的液体，主要含有酚类和萜烯类物质如香芹酚，百里香酚等，在国内外研究中对多种细菌、真菌都有较好的抑制作用，而且具有很强的抗氧化活性[1-6]。……